Tuberculosis. 



disease is brought on in only about 11% of the cases by the bacil- 

 lus of animal origin and in 89% by the human type of the organism. 



In tuberculosis of the bones and joints the figures are 5% 

 and 95% respectively. 



Gaffky, Kothe and Ungermann found in 400 bodies of children, 

 76 infections with tuberculosis, in which they succeeded in estab- 

 lishing the variety of the bacillus. In one case they found the 

 bovine type (1.32%), and among 171 other autopsies on children, 

 of which 39 were tuberculous, two (5.1%) cases of bovine infection 

 were observed. 



The results of tuberculous infections among children of the 

 population of Berlin were therefore 95 to 96% of human origin, 

 while only 4 to 5 % were of bovine origin, iii spite of the fact 

 that during infancy the danger of bovine infection is the greatest 

 (Kossel). 



[According to figures compiled by Park of the New York 

 City Board of Health, the frequency of bovine tuberculosis in man 

 as collected by various investigators is as follows : 



In adults, 955 cases have been examined of which 940 showed 

 human infection and 15 bovine infection. In children from five 

 to sixteen years of age, out of 177 cases investigated, 131 were 

 human infections and 46 bovine infections. Among children under 

 five years old there were 368 cases of which 292 were found in- 

 fected with the human type and 76 with the bovine type of tuber- 

 culosis. Furthermore Park mentions the very suggestive results 

 obtained from nine children under 6 years of age who were fed 

 exclusively on cow's milk at the Foundlings' Hospital. Five of 

 these children died of bovine infection and four of human infec- 

 tion. On the other hand in the Babies' Hospital where the infants 

 are nursed or fed on prescription milk, out of 63 children dying 

 of tuberculosis, 59 proved to be human infection and 4 bovine 

 infection. 



The figures taken from clinical work in England indicate that 

 from 23 to 25% of the fatal cases of tuberculosis in children are 

 due to bovine infections. Stiles of Edinburgh has presented in- 

 teresting statistics to illustrate how bovine tuberculosis particular- 

 ly affects young children. Of 67 consecutive tuberculous bone and 

 joint cases, the bovine bacillus was present in 41, the human bacil- 

 lus in 23, while in 3 cases both types were present. In those af- 

 fected children under 12 months old, only the bovine bacillus was 

 found. Of the 12 children between 1 and 2 years of age, 8 owed 

 their disease to bovine infection, 2 to human infection and 2 to 

 both bovine and human infection. There were 15 cases in 2 to 3 

 year old children, 11 of which were bovine, 3 human and 1 both 

 infections. The 10 cases from the 3 to 4 year period were 6 bovine 

 and 4 human infections, while the 4 to 5 year period included 3 

 cases of each type of infection. Stiles further reports on 72 cases 

 of tuberculous cervical glands operated on at the Children's Hospi- 



