Tuberculosis. 



Of the specific remedies, tuberculin, tulase, tulase-lactin, 

 tulon and tuberculase could be considered in the treatment of 

 affected animals. These bacterial preparations, however, accord- 

 ing to Romer and Arloing, are ineffective, since the results were 

 negative. 



Better results were promised at the onset, from the specific 

 immunization methods, which aimed at a systematic preliminary 

 treatment with slightly virulent strains, or with attenuated bovine 

 tubercle bacilli, to increase artificially the resistance of the im- 

 munized animals, that is, to protect them against a later accidental 

 natural infection. As a matter of fact cattle immunized with 

 tubercle bacilli prove for a time to be immune, or at least manifest 

 a considerable resistance against a subsequent artificial infection 

 with bovine tubercle bacilli, when compared with non-immunized 

 control animals. For immunization purposes there have been 

 used: 



1. Dry tubercle bacilli of the human type (bovo-vaccine, Von 

 Behring's method). The injection is made into the blood circula- 

 tion and is repeated. Animals treated in this way after 3 to 4 

 months, resist an intravenous injection of bovine tubercle bacilli, 

 to which untreated animals invariably succumb. This increased 

 resistance however lasts only a short time. According to the in- 

 vestigations of Rossignol and Vallee and Hutyra it diminishes to- 

 wards the end of a year, and after another six months it practically 

 disappears. Against the slight practical success of this method 

 the disagreeable fact should be considered that the injected tubercle 

 bacilli of man are retained alive in the body of the cattle for years, 

 and may even produce in the udder local tuberculous processes, 

 from which the bacteria of human tuberculosis may enter into the 

 milk (Lignieres, Weber and Titze). 



Titze found that following an intravenous injection of human tubercle bacilli, 

 they were eliminated from the udder even 16 months after the injection. In this regard 

 the various individuals manifest an entirely different behavior. In three other cases 

 bacteria were eliminated after a single injection, from the fourth week up to the 144th 

 day. In a second cow which received an injection of tubercle bacilli of human and 

 bovine type the elimination commenced after the third injection, and in a third cow as 

 early as 24 hours after the injection. All three animals eliminated the bacilli from only one 

 quarter, without this showing tuberculous changes. 



Bongert found in 186 bovo-vaccinated cattle, 36 which passed tubercle bacilli 

 with their milk. 



The protective vaccination of Von Bearing therefore is not 

 only of little practical value, but grave dangers must be considered 

 in connection with it, since the vaccinated animal may eliminate 

 tubercle bacilli with the milk for 2y 2 years and longer. 



Koch and Schiitz, Neufeld and Miessner recommended for the 

 immunization of cattle a single injection of 0.01 gm. tubercle 

 bacilli in suspension, which vaccine they termed ' ' tauruman. ' ' The 

 above statement applies equally for tauruman as it does for 

 bovo-vaccine. Similar results to the immunizing value of the in- 

 travenous injections, according to Baumgarten, Lignieres and 



