122 Tuberculosis. 



Brandenburg in 1907 in 1.5 % out of 5810 examinations 



Schleswig-Holstein in 1903 in 2.8.% out of 2435 examinations 



Schleswig-Holstein in 1905-6 in 1.93% out of 11000 examinations 



Saxony in 1903 in 3.6 % out of 1457 examinations 



Saxony in 1906-7 in 2.41% out of 5395 examinations 



In these statistics it should be considered that every year new, unexamined herds 



have been included, and further that the experts continually gained more skill in making 



the examination. 



A proof of the reduction of tlie dangerous forms of tuber- 

 culosis is first of all indicated by the above figures, and also by the 

 marked reduction of tuberculosis of hogs. Thus for instance ac- 

 cording to Stier the percentage of tuberculous creamery hogs which 

 amounted to 40% was reduced to 4% after the elimination of six 

 cattle with tuberculosis of the udder, although none of the 

 skimmed milk fed to the hogs had been sterilized. 



In 1907 out of 38,454 animals examined in Schleswig, 1.4% 

 were found to be affected with pulmonary and udder tuberculosis. 

 Udder tuberculosis alone was demonstrated in 0.124%. In spite 

 of the great advantages of the method, the results eventually come 

 to a standstill, as may be seen from the more recent reports of the 

 eradication stations. The number of the dangerous forms cannot 

 be reduced below a certain percentage, since latent forms contin- 

 uously change into the dangerous forms, and it is therefore im- 

 possible to eliminate the sources of infection from the herds. 



The method of Ujhelyi also deserves mention. In this method the cattle are divided 

 into a healthy herd and those which react to tuberculin. The newly born animals of 

 the group giving a positive tuberculin reaction are allowed to remain only in emergency 

 cases with the reacting mothers, but if possible they are nursed by healthy cows. 



After weaning the calves are tested with tuberculin. This method differs from 

 Bang's method only in that sterilized milk is not used (prevention of calf diarrhea) and 

 further the calves are allowed at times to remain with the reacting cows. According to 

 Ujhelyi 's report this method has given irreproachable results. It has to be considered 

 however that of the weaned calves a greater proportion of animals must be eliminated 

 when this method is employed, than when Bang's method is followed. 



Before the introduction of Ujhelyi 's method, out of 1,031 adult cattle, 884, or 

 85.7% reacted. Out of 626 young stock 333, or 53.2% reacted. After a period of 

 eradication for 4% years Ujhelyi succeeded in reducing the infection to 4.1% among 

 the adults, and 2.6% in the young stock. He succeeded in the periods from 1898 to 1902, 

 and from 1904 to 1905, in reducing the number of positive reactions among 1,715 cattle, 

 of eight state farms, from 59% to 3%. 



The eradication of tuberculosis has been .subjected to official 

 control for several years in Denmark, Sweden, Norway and Fin- 

 land. Thus Denmark in 1893 contributed $13,500.00, later $27,-- 

 000.00 towards the eradication of tuberculosis, furnished the tuber- 

 culin free of charge at first for young animals, later for adults, and 

 finally since 1898 took upon itself the total expenses of eradication 

 (Hutyra). The skimmed milk is permitted to be returned from 

 the creameries to the stock owners only after being heated to 80 

 deg. C. Cows affected with tuberculosis of the udcler are destroyed, 

 the owners being reimbursed. There are about 600 such animals 

 paid for annually. 



Similar results were obtained in Sweden, which adopted legis- 

 lative measures and made a contribution of $225,000.00. In the 



