Mixed Infections of Udder. 



even 120 deg. C. These facts were confirmed by Van Ermengem, 

 Drigalski, Fischer, Hoffmann, Peels, Hoist, Dhant, Riemer, and 

 others. 



In practice therefore it is necessary to consider the mixed milk 

 of the affected cow and all dairy milk to which such milk has been 

 added as injurious to health, whenever it is proven with certainty 

 that it contains secretion from acutely affected quarters. 



If it is proven with certainty that the secretion contained bac- 

 teria of the paratyphoid or enteritidis group such milk may even 

 destroy human health. 



Of course the danger which threatens man from such milk 

 must not be overestimated. The changes in the udder and in the 

 milk are pronounced and striking, and usually appear very sudden- 

 ly, especially in the colon inflammations, somewhat less in para- 

 typhoid and enteritidis infections. Nevertheless in the presence 

 of carelessness of the milker such infections may enter the milk. 



According to Fauss the duration of the elimination of the 

 bacteria from affected udders persists for 12 to 30 days, in fatal 

 cases until death. The number of the eliminated bacteria and the 

 duration of the elimination are proportional to the severity of the 

 case, and they cease when the milk again approaches its normal 

 condition. 



In other cases of acute mastitis staphylococci have been dem- 

 onstrated. Guillebeau isolated the Stapliylococcus mastitidis, 

 Galactococcus versicolor, Galactococcus fulvus, and Galactococcus 

 albus. Experimentally it is also possible, as proven by Kitt with 

 the Botryococcus ascoformans (a staphylococcus), to produce an 

 acute mastitis, with a tendency to chronic development. 



The staphylococci infections of the parenchyma of the udder 

 are relatively rare, but occur more frequently as mixed infections 

 with the Bacillus pyogenes. While the course of the staphylomyco- 

 sis of the udder is mostly acute, with a favorable progno- 

 sis, yet in the presence of a mixed infection with the Bacillus pyog- 

 enes it frequently results in abscess formation and sequestration 

 of the udder. 



The staphylococci are small round microbes, separated into 

 two or four parts by division. They take the Gram staining. They 

 are easily cultivated on all media and are frequently chromogenic. 

 They liquefy gelatin from the surface down, since they grow better 

 aerobically than anaerobically. 



Staphylococci corresponding to their ubiquitous distribution 

 are present in almost all milk during its first phases of decomposi- 

 tion ; but although they possess pathogenic importance as pus-pro- 

 ducers in man, from the standpoint of market milk hygiene, they 

 are of no special importance under such conditions. However when 

 the secretion of a cow with staphylomycosis of the udder contains 

 staphylococci, the milk may be injurious to health. Karlinski, 

 for instance, reports a case of pyemia in a child in which infection 



