206 Milk Control. 



persons who have obtained special training have not the same 

 right to take up the work against violators. It is immaterial who 

 executes the work if it is only carried out properly. Chemists, 

 veterinarians and physicians have their special sphere of activity 

 in milk control, and all should work in harmony that they may 

 accomplish the desired results, each profession exerting all its 

 power towards improvement of the milk supply from the time 

 of its production until its distribution to the consumer. It is 

 deemed advisable to introduce here a short description of milk 

 control in the City of Munich : 



The beginning of control in Munich can be traced back to 1834. Police authorities 

 brought to the police physician samples for examination. With the taking over of food 

 inspection by the magistrate in 1862, market inspectors, and in 1876 district inspectors, 

 were detailed to take samples and to make the preliminary examinations under the 

 direction of district veterinarians. The latter were required to carry out the scientific 

 examinations and to pass judgment on the samples. 



By an agreement of hygienists, food chemists, dairy experts and agriculturists, 

 the latest local police measures were inaugurated in 1906, and at the same time the 

 inspection forces were reorganized. 



The city was divided into six control districts, and the inspectors assigned to these 

 districts had to carry out the requirements of the authorities and the experts relative 

 to the supervision of the milk traffic. The scientific part of the inspection is conducted 

 in the corresponding divisions of the examining station, that is in the chemical and the 

 veterinary bacteriological divisions. Assistant inspectors are assigned to the inspectors 

 for aiding them in the work and for the transportation of the samples. The inspectors 

 are required to supervise the execution of the regulations and to report any violations 

 of these measures to the milk control station. The supervision should be adapted as 

 far as possible to the hours in which the business, sale and operation of the milk 

 establishments are carried on, but may be carried out at all hours of the day and night, 

 and it should be so regulated that the dairies at no time could feel safe from the restraint 

 of supervision. The duty includes: 



1. The control of and supervision over all milk brought into the city, all milk 

 which is in traffic within the city, all transportation containers, all dairies, milk shops 

 and production establishments within the city limits, and the taking of samples. 



2. The procuring of necessary milk samples for examination, both from stable 

 and salesroom, and of other material necessary for evidence. 



3. Conducting research work in individual cases, and making out reports and 

 complaints. 



All collected samples of milk, samples of other food substances which are sold 

 in the dairy, milk cans which do not correspond with the regulations, various containers 

 in which the milk is kept, measured and sold should be submitted at the milk control 

 station for opinion. A report should be made on the fittings and condition of the 

 rooms and premises where the milk is stored, and from which it is distributed. The 

 transportation of the milk samples to the official milk control station should be accom- 

 plished immediately after the sample is procured. A preliminary examination precedes 

 the taking of samples by the inspectors, which consists in an examination by the senses 

 (appearance, odor), and in the use of the lactodensimeter and thermometer. The trans- 

 mission of the samples to the scientific division is accompanied by forms on which the 

 results of the preliminary tests are indicated, and they also give the date, hour, place 

 of collection, origin of the sample, name of the dealer or producer, number of the 

 sample, and its relation to a certain case. 



The samples are immediately examined in the scientific division, the inspectors 

 are informed of the results as soon as possible, and their subsequent procedure in 

 special cases is indicated by the recommendations of the experts and the director of the 

 station. 



If stable control and the taking of samples in a stable outside of the city limits 

 appear necessary, or if such are suggested by the scientific workers of the official milk 

 control station, the inspector obtains these samples after obtaining, through the city 

 authorities, permission to go upon the premises. In taking samples in a stable the 

 principal stress must be laid on the dairy management and therefore preliminary tests 

 of the samples taken in the stable are eliminated. The scientific experts attach their 



