264 



AVES 



CLASS IV 



the Hespei'ornithes, Ichthyornithes, and Impinmes have been reduced to a lower 

 grade than that assigned them in his System, as has been done by Fürbringer 

 and others. These divisions, Avhich correspond in a great measure to the sub- 

 orders of Fürbringer, are larger than those usually considered as Orders, and 



often comprise some very 

 diverse forms. An alterna- 

 tive is to treat each group 

 separately, which gives from 

 twenty to forty divisions, 

 variously designated as 

 f amilies, sub-orders, or Orders. 



Sub-Class 1. 

 SAURURAE.^ 



Tau feathers arranged in 

 pairs on either side of the elon- 

 nate caudal vertebrae. Sternum 

 rudimentary ; dorsal rihs with- 

 out imcinate processes ; cervical 

 rihs free; vertebrae amphicoelous. 

 Pelvic elements separate, as are 

 also the metacarpals ; digits 

 clawed. 



Order 1. 

 ARCHAEORNITHBS. 



Skull typically bird - like, 

 provided with a series of conical, 

 socJceted teeth along the margin 

 of the Upper and lower jaws. 

 Vertebrae amphicoelous, and the 

 lizard-like tail long er than the 

 presacral portion of the column. 

 Remiges and redrices, tvifh their 

 coverts, well developed. Upper 

 Jura. 



Archaeopteryx, von Meyer 

 (Gryphosawus, Wagner), (Fig. 

 367). This unique and in 

 many respects remarkable genus is known by two nearly complete skeletons 

 from the Lithographie Stone of Bavaria, one of which is preserved in the 



^ Dames, W., Ueber Archaeopteryx (Palaeont. Abhandl. Danies und Kayser, vol. 11. j). 119), 

 ■ 1884. — Ueber Brustbein, Schulter- und Beckengürtel der Archaeopteryx (Sitzungsber. preuss. Akad. 

 Wissensch. vol. XXXVIII. p. 818), 1897.— Oweri, R., On the Archaeopteryx of von Meyer (Phil. 

 Traus. vol. CLIII. p. 33), im'd.—Pycraft, W. P., The Wing of Archaeopteryx (Nat. Sei. vol. VIII. 

 p. 261), 1896.— Seeley, H. G., Professor C. Vogt on Archaeopteryx (Geol. Mag. [2], vol. VIII. p. 454), 

 18Sl.~Vogt, C, Sur l'Archaeopteryx macrura (Revue Scient. [2], vol. XXIII. p. 241), 187i\ 



Fig. 367. 



Archaeopteryx lithographica, v. Meyer. Lithographie Stone; 

 Eichstädt, Bavaria. '■^'/■/. c, Carpal ; cl, Fnrcula ; co, Coracoid ; h, 

 Humerus ; r, Radius ; sc, Öcapula ; u, Uhia. Original in Berlin 

 ^luseum (from Steinniann and Döderlein). 



