Mam. Classification. 9 



crescents, the convexity of which is turned inwards in the 



upper and outwards in the lower jaw ; the stomach divided 



into four separate compartments : and the * cloven foot/ the 



two hoofs on each foot presenting a flat surface to each other, 



appearing as though a single hoof had been cleft. It is on 



the structure of the stomach that the faculty of returning 



food to the mouth for remastication depends, and it is from 



the name (rumen) given to the first of the compartments of 



the stomach that the title of this Sub- order is derived.* 



The species comprised in this Sub- order may be divided 



into three well-marked groups, having regard to the presence 



or absence of horns, and the condition in which the horns 



when present exist, viz. 



Groups. 



1. Carenticornua. 2. Solidicornua. 3. Cavicornua. 



Of these, the first group, Carenticornua {careo, to be with- 

 out ; cornua, horns), 



comprises the two Families 

 Ca?nelid(Bf and Moschidw, of which all the component species 

 are without horns ; generally have a cleft tumid lip ; and 

 modifications of claws rather than hoofs. 



All the other Ruminantia, at least of the male sex, have 

 two horns, which may exist either as distinct bones uniting 

 directly with the skull ; or, as solid osseous developments aris- 

 ing from processes of the frontal bone ; or, lastly, as sheaths 

 of horny matter covering conical processes of the frontal 

 bone. 



In the Group Solidicornua [sglidus, not hollow), are com- 

 prised those species which have dense osseous horns, viz., 

 those composing the 



Two Families 

 Cervidce and CamelopardidcE. The horns or antlers of the 



* " Ruminatio dicta est a rumine eminente gutturis parte, per quani demiasus 

 cibus a certis revocatur animalibus." Serv. Virg. E. vi. 64. 

 t See note supra. 



C 



