50 Mammalia. In-Enamellata. 



the squamosal element fails to reach the malar one. The Malar bone 

 is remarkable in Brady pus for its size, shape, and connections; it is 

 freely suspended by its anterior attachment to the maxillary and 

 frontal, and bifurcates behind ; one division extending downwards, 

 outside the lower jaw, the other ascending above the free termina- 

 tion of the zygomatic process of the squamosal. The Intermaxillaries 

 are very small in most species of this Order, and support teeth only 

 in the six-banded Armadillo. The Pterygoids are frequently in- 

 flated in the Bradypodidce. 



The Vertehral Column. In no other Mammalian order are found 

 such complex vertehral articulations; e.g. In the Dasypodidae the 

 metapophysis presents an articular surface at the under and fore 

 part of its base, to be articulated with an anapophysis of the suc- 

 ceeding vertebra : and again the anapophyses upon the last dorsal, 

 each present an articular surface at the under part for connection with 

 the parapophyses. In this order alone are manifested the exceptional 

 instances of affinity to certain Ovipara, in the lower cervicals with 

 free ribs of the three-toed, and in the twenty-three costigerous 

 dorsals of the two-toed Sloths. The three-toed Sloths-"' {Bradypus 

 tridactylus) have nine cervical vertehrce ; and Cholcepusf Hoffmannii 

 has hut six cervical vertehrce ; two out of the four so-called exceptions 

 to the rule of there being always seven cervical vertebrae in Mam- 

 malia. J In the Loricate or Armadillo family (Dasypodidse) the 

 Tertebral column is remarkable for the prevalence of anchylosis in 

 unusual parts, eg. the cervical region ; and for the great size to 

 which the metapophyses attain (in the lumbar region especially). 

 The metapophyses (which are processes from the anterior zj^gapo- 

 physes) serve, together with the neural spines, to support the Cara- 

 pace. The Sloth and Armadillo have ossified hcemapophyses. The 

 spines of the Sacral vertehrce are very commonly anchylosed. In 

 Dasypus the Sacrum is exceedingly broad, and anchylosed inferiorly 

 to the Pelvis. Dasypus forms an exception to the rule of absence 

 of anchylosis in the caudal region. 



Scapular Arch and Appendages. The Scapida in the Armadillos 

 and true Ant Eaters is broad, and presents two spines (in Manis it 

 has only one spine), and the acromion is long. Clavicles are present 



* Bradypus torquatua is saiJ to have eight cervical vertebrae, 

 t Cholcepus : the genus of two 'toed Sloths. 



