Digestive System General, 67 



of the large intestine are developed in many Ungulata, and 

 are called ' appendices epiploicse' in the human subject. 



At the end of the Rectum glands are frequently situated, 

 which secrete a fatty and strongly odorous fluid. The termin- 

 ation of the Intestinal Canal is usually distinct from the 

 sexual aperture. 



The Liver is situated ventrally* to the Diaphragm, chiefly 

 on the right side as in Man : it is usually divided distinctly 

 into two principal lobes : in many species it is tri-lobed, in 

 others multi-lobular : the greater the number of its divisions, 

 the more does it extend to the left side. The right third of the 

 gland is in most Quadrupeds sub- divided into two or more 

 lobules, the left third more commonly remains single. The 

 Liver is generally divided into a greater number of lobes in 

 the flesh feeders than in the vegetable feeders : in other 

 words, it is most subdivided in those species whose food 

 presents the greater amount of hydro- carbonates for elimi- 

 nation, and hence it is least subdivided in the purely herbi- 

 vorous Ungulates. It is small and little divided in Mammals 

 with divided or compound stomachs. The lobulus spigelii 

 is constant in its position behind the small Omentum. A Gall 

 Bladder is usually present, though frequently wanting : it is 

 wanting in a greater number of species of this class than of 

 any other ; in the flesh feeders the gall bladder is always 

 present ; and generally also in insect feeders : it is usually 

 single. When the gall bladder is present, a ^ Cystic,' * Hepatic,* 

 and 'Comment' Bile Duct exist, as in Man. The number of 

 branches which unite to form the hepatic duct vary ; thus, in 

 Man, two emerge at the portal fissure ; but, in more divided 

 livers, the liberated ducts are more numerous. The Portal 

 Vein in Mammals is formed by (1) the Coronary vein of the 

 stomach, (2) the superior Mesenteric vein, which returns the 



* i.e. in the Abdominal cavity. Vide supra, Abdomen, 

 t * Ductus Communis Choledochus.' 



