108 Mammalia, 



EESPIEATOEY SYSTEM General. 



The Larynx, Trachea, and Lungs, in the Mammalia are 

 fashioned after the type of the same organs in Man. 



The cartilages of the Larynx are upon the whole the same 

 as in Man, viz., a Thyroid ; a Cricoid ; an Epiglottis ; two 

 Arytenoids*; two Cartilagines Santorianae, articulated with 

 the summits of the arytenoids ; and two Cuneiform Cartilages 

 (Wrisberginao), situated between the arytenoids and the epi- 

 glottis : but in addition there is sometimes found an ' Inter- 

 articular f cartilage, situated between the two arytenoid car- 

 tilages, upon the upper border of the cricoid. These cartilages, 

 some of which are occasionally found ossified, are united to- 

 gether by ligament. Two pair of elastic fibres are commonly 

 found stretched between the arytenoid and thyroid cartilages, 

 viz. the * upper' and ' lower ' Yocal Chords, between which the 

 lining membrane bulges outward to form the * laryngeal ' sac 

 or S^entricle.' The alse of the T/^yro/c? cartilage are generally, 

 though not always, united, and form anteriorly an angle ; 

 though usually larger than the cricoid the thyroid is not 

 always so : it may have no upper cornua ; its lower cornua may 

 be produced to meet the first tracheal ring ; from its upper 

 part sacculi may be continued into the interspace between the 

 epiglottis and the Hyoid ; and it may be itself hollowed out 



"^ apvTaivaf a pitcher or ladle ; el^OQy shape, 

 t Brandt. 



