2 Illustrations of Conifers. 



KEY TO ABIES. 



This key is based upon characters taken from the foliage, buds and shoots of lateral 

 branches on the lower part of the tree. 



I. LEAVES RADIALLY ARRANGED ON THE BBANOHLETS ; APEX OF THE LEAF NOT BIFID. 



A. Pinsapo, Boissier ; Spain. Leaves rigid, short, less than J inch long, thick, with 

 lines of stomata on each surface, acute at the apex ; resin canals median. Shoots 

 glabrous. Buds resinous. 



A. cephalonica, Loudon ; Greece. Leaves thin, flattened, about 1 inch long, white with 

 stomata beneath, ending in a sharp cartilaginous point ; resin-canals marginal. 

 Shoots glabrous. Buds resinous. 



II. LEAVES ON THE LATERAL BRANCHES PECTINATE IN ARRANGEMENT ; THE TWO LATERAL SETS 



EITHER IN THE HORIZONTAL PLANE OK WITH THEIB UPPER RANKS DIRECTED UPWARDS AS 

 WELL AS OUTWARDS SHOWING A V-SHAPED DEPRESSION, AS SEEN FROM ABOVE, BETWEEN 

 THE TWO SETS. 



Resin-canals marginal. 1 



A. bracteata, Nuttall; California. Leaves long, 2 inches or more, rigid, white with 

 stomata beneath, ending in a spine-like point. Shoots glabrous. Buds large, 

 elongated, fusiform, membranous, non-resinous. 



A . grandis, Lindley ; western N. America. Leaves all in the horizontal plane, those in 

 the upper rank about half the length of those below, up to 2 inches long, bifid at the 

 apex ; upper surface grooved ; lower surface with bands of stomata. Shoots minutely 

 pubescent. Buds small, resinous. 



A. Lowiana, Murray ; California. Leaves in a. V-shaped arrangement, 1J to 2 inches 

 long, bifid at the apex ; upper surface grooved and with stomata ; lower surface with 

 white lines of stomata. Shoots and buds as in A. grandis. 



A. fir ma, Siebold and Zuccarini ; Japan. Leaves in a V-shaped arrangement, rigid, 

 very coriaceous, broad, up to 1 inch long, with broad lines of stomata on lower sur- 

 face, ending in two sharp cartilaginous points. Shoots pubescent in the furrows 

 between the slightly raised pulvini. Buds small, ovoid, slightly resinous. 



A.pectinata,De Candolle; Europe. Leaves pectinate in one plane or tending to a 

 V-shaped arrangement, about an inch long, with white lines of stomata beneath, 

 slightly bifid at the apex. Shoot grey with short pubescence. Buds ovoid, non- 

 resinous. 



A. Webbiana, Lindley ; Himalayas. Leaves V-shaped in arrangement, up to 2 inches 

 long, bifid, silver}- white beneath. Shoots with prominent pulvini and deep grooves, 

 with a reddish pubescence confined to the grooves. Buds large, globose, resinous. 



Resin-canals -median. 



A. balsamea, Miller; eastern N. America. Leaves slender, scarcely 1 inch long, bifid at 

 the apex, with grey lines of stomata beneath. Shoots smooth, grey, with scattered, 

 short erect pubescence. Buds globose, resinous. 



A. Fraseri, Poiret ; Alleghany Mountains. Leaves as in A. balsamea, but shorter and 

 whiter beneath. Shoots smooth, yellowish, with dense, reddish, curved or twisted 

 pubescence. Buds globose, resinous. 



A . brachyphylla, Maximowicz ; Japan. Leaves in a V-shaped arrangement, short, 

 scarcely exceeding inch, slightly bifid, white beneath. Shoots glabrous, with pro- 

 minent pulvini and deep grooves. Buds conical, resinous. 



1 A. cilicica and A. numidica with weak shoots, come in this section. 



