i24 THE FORESTS 01? FRAl^C^. 



lent declaration, they shall be confiscated, and the usages 

 shall be condemned for the first time to pay a fine of fifty 

 livres, and in case of repetition, to total deprivation of 

 usage. 



* 11. We forbid all private persons to send their beasts to 

 pasturage under pretext of leases, and of permission given 

 by the ofiicers, receivers, or farmers of the domain, or even 

 by contractors or usufructiers, untler pain of confiscation 

 of the beasts found in pasturage, and a fine of a hundred 

 livres. 



^12. If there be young shoots of timber trees, or coppice 

 woods, along the roads or routes by which the beasts pass 

 to go into the places destined for pasturage, so that brow- 

 sing cannot be certainly prevented, the ofiicers shall take 

 in hand that there be made ditches sufficiently broad and 

 deep to secure the conservation of these, or that the old 

 ones be cleared out and maintained, at the expense of the 

 communities of usagers proportionally to the number of 

 beasts which they send on pasturage. 



* 13. We equally forbid to the inhabitants of usager 

 parishes, and to all persons having right of pannage in our 

 forests and woods, or in those of ecclesiastics, communities, 

 and private persons, to take or send their sheep or goats, 

 ewes or lambs there, or even to lands and heaths, or void 

 and bare places on the borders of the woods and forests, 

 under pain of confiscation of the beasts, and a fine of 

 three livres for each beast ; the shepherds and guards of 

 such beasts shall be condemned to a fine of ten livres for 

 the first offence, and flogging and banishment from the 

 province of the Mattrise in case of repetition ; and the 

 master proprietors of the beasts, and fathers of families 

 shall be civilly responsible for the sentences given against 

 the shepherds. 



'14. The inhabitants of usager houses shall enjoy the 

 rights of pasturage and pannage for the beasts kept for 

 family benefit alone, and not for those of which they make 

 trade or traffic, under pain of fine and confiscation. 



' 15. The Forest-Master cannot put more than eight 



