44 ANGIOCARPOUS LICHENS. 



belonging to V. alba. The synonymy of Fries's alba and 

 gemmata I am unable to unravel. V, epipolea differs from 

 it by the differently shaped sporidia and the spreading 

 base of the perithecium ; and V. biformis by the entire 

 perithecium and its peculiarly shaped sporidia. 



Verrucaria niveoatra, Borr.; V. riidiSy Borr.; V. aphanes, 

 Borr. ; and V. leuco-cephala, Ach., have no asci, the spo- 

 ridia being free, and are, therefore, referable to the genus 

 JPyrenothea, 



** Saxicol^. 

 A. Perithecium entire. 



12. V. L^vATA, Ach. Sporidia in asci 8, elliptical, 



margined, pale. Plate XIX. tig. 1. 



Vebhtjcakia l^vata, Ach. L. Uuiv. 284. (1810.); Syn. 94. 



_ Borr. E. Bot. Suppl. 2623. fig. 2. 



Hook. Br. El. ii. 153. 



Tayl. El. Hib. pt. ii. 91. 

 Verkucaria rupestris /3. L^VATA, Fries, L. Kef. 437. (1831 .) 



The two specimens ! figured in E. B. Suppl. in herb. 

 Borrer. 



A section of the tumid elevations on specimens found 

 by Mr. Robertson by the Tyne, near Newcastle, (see E. B. 

 Suppl. 1. c.) showed the medullary layer to be stained with 

 brownish-black streaks; the apothecium raised towards 

 the summit of the wart; the perithecium rather more 

 rounded but entire; the sporidia of the same form; 

 leaving no doubt of the correctness of its reference to 

 this species. (See Plate XIX. fig. 2.) Abundantly 

 distinct from V. rupestris and immersa. 



13. V. MURiNA, nov. sp. Sporidia in asci 8, elliptical, 



margined, pale yellow. Plate XIX. fig. 3. 



DunkeiTon ! Br. Taylor, in herb. Borrer. 



