134 CHARLES DARWIN 



wholly natural to the human race, and maintained only 

 by the most constant watchfulness. The orang-outang 

 was then the highest known anthropoid ape ; and it 

 was from the orang-outang, therefore, that the fancy of 

 Lyell and other objectors in the pre-Darwinian days 

 continually derived the Lamarckian Adam. 



The introduction of the chimpanzee into our Euro- 

 pean Zoological Gardens gave a fresh type of anthropoid 

 to the crude speculators of the middle decades of the 

 century; and in 1859, Paul du Chaillu, the explorer 

 and hunter of the Gaboon country, brought over to 

 America and Europe the first specimens of the true 

 gorilla ever seen by civilised men. There can be little 

 doubt that the general interest excited by his narrative 

 of his adventures (published in London in 1861) and 

 by the well-known stuffed specimen of the huge African 

 anthropoid ape so long conspicuous in the rooms of the 

 British Museum, and now surviving (somewhat the 

 worse for wear) in the natural history collection at 

 South Kensington, did much to kindle public curiosity 

 as to the nature of our relations with the lower animals. 

 It is no mere accidental circumstance, indeed, that 

 Huxley should have brought out ' Man's Place in Nature ' 

 just two years after Du Chaillu's ' Explorations and 

 Adventures in Equatorial Africa ' had made the whole 

 world, lay and learned, familiar with the name and 

 features of the most human in outer aspect among the 

 anthropoid family. Thenceforth the gorilla, and not 

 the orang-outang, was popularly hit upon by scoffer 

 and caricaturist as the imaginary type of our primitive 

 ancestors. 



On, the other hand, during the twelve intervening 



