CHAPTER XI. 

 DARWIN'S PLACE IN THE EVOLUTIONARY MOVEMENT. 



To most people Darwinism and evolution mean one 

 and the same thing. After what has here been said, 

 however, with regard to the pre-Darwinian evolutionary 

 movement, and the distinction between the doctrines of 

 descent with modification and of natural selecti3n, it 

 need hardly be added that the two are quite separate 

 and separable in thought, even within the limits of the 

 purely restricted biological order. Darwinism is only a 

 part of organic evolution ; the theory, as a whole, owes 

 much to Darwin, but it does not owe everything to him 

 alone. There were biological evolutionists before ever 

 he published the ' Origin of Species ; ' there are bio- 

 logical evolutionists even now who refuse to accept the 

 truth of his great discovery, and who cling firmly to 

 the primitive faith set forth in earlier and cruder 

 shapes by Erasmus Darwin, by Lamarck, or by Robert 

 Chambers. 



Much more, then, must Darwinism and the entire 

 theory of organic development to which it belongs be 

 carefully discriminated, as a part or factor, from evolu- 

 tion at large, as a universal and all-embracing cosmical 

 system. That system itself has gradually emerged as a 



