FACTS SUPPORT MULLER'S THEORY 177 



advertisement of the still more un 

 became even more dominant and gained a far 

 wider range than before. The mimetic resem- 

 blance arose in a species which we have reason to 

 believe possessed warning colours and some form 

 of special protection before the change occurred. 

 There is no evidence that the special protection 

 was diminished after the assumption of Mimicry, 

 and, if it remain, the new appearance is still 

 a warning character, only one that is learnt by 

 enemies more readily than the old because of the 

 wide advertisement given to it by Danaicla plex- 

 ippus. The facts harmonize with the theory of 

 Fritz Mttller rather than with that of H. W. Bates. 



THE 'POISON-EATING' SWALLOW-TAIL BUTTER- 

 FLIES (PHARMACOPHAGUS) AS MODELS FOR 

 MIMICRY 



The late Erich Haase gave the name of Phar- 

 niacophagus or ' Poison-eater ' to the section of 

 swallow-tail butterflies whose larvae feed upon 

 Aristolochia or allied species, and he made the 

 probable suggestion that the qualities which render 

 them distasteful are derived from the juices of 

 the food-plant. The poison-eating swallow-tails 

 are abundant in tropical America and the Oriental 

 Region, but with the exception of anterior in 

 Madagascar are wanting from the Ethiopian 

 Region. They are extensively mimicked by 

 swallow-tails of the other two sections : Papilio, 

 of which mac/toon may be taken as a type, and 



N 



