180 MIMICKY IN N. AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES 



the mimics of these Papilios are not only species 

 of other groups in the same section but also, 

 although in small proportion, Satyrine butterflies 

 and day-flying moths. 



The fact that Pharmacophagus and certain groups 

 of Papilio should be mimicked pre-eminently by 

 other Papilionidae is evidence that Mimicry is 

 most easily attained when there are initial resem- 

 blances of size, shape, habits, and modes of flight 

 upon which to build. 



PHARMACOPHAGUS (PAPILIO) PHILENOR, L., AS 

 A MODEL FOR MIMICRY IN NORTH AMERICA 



Pharmacophagus is a tropical assemblage, but 

 a few species have found their way into the 

 northern belt in both the Old World and the 

 New. Pharm. polydamas, with an immense range 

 in South and Central America, also extends into 

 the northern continent but does not there become 

 the object of Mimicry. Pharm. philenor, ranging 

 through Mexico and the United States (except 

 the central district from Colorado northwards) 

 but only as a straggler in New England and 

 southern Canada, is on the other hand an important 

 model for Mimicry. 



There is here no such interesting history of past 

 migrations to unfold as we were able to trace 

 in the American Danaidas. Ph. philenor is a 

 member of the distinctively New World species 

 of Pharmacophagus ^ associated together and sepa^ 

 rated from the Old World species by structural 



