182 MIMICRY IN N. AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES 



The female of Papilio polyxenes asterius (Cr.) 

 belonging to the MACHAON GROUP mimics pMlenor 

 on both surfaces, the male on the under surface 

 alone, except at Guerrero, Mexico, where a form 

 (ampliatd) mimetic on the upper surface is tran- 

 sitional into the ordinary male. 



Papilio glaucus glaucus (L.) belongs to the 

 GLAUCUS GROUP, next but one to the group con- 

 taining asterius. The female is dimorphic, one form 

 resembling the male and the other (the turmis 1 

 form, mimetic of pliilenor) becoming commoner in 

 the southern part of the range. In the closely 

 allied sub-species P. glaucus canadensis (Rothsch. 

 and Jord.) the mimetic female form is unknown. 



Papilio troilus troilus (L.) belongs to the next 

 succeeding TROILUS GROUP, allied to the tropical 

 and highly mimetic ANCHISIADES GROUP, with 

 gregarious larvae. Both male and female of 

 troilus mimic philenor on both wing surfaces. 



The most remarkable fact about these three 

 mimics is not their moderate resemblance to the 

 primary model philenor, but their extraordinary 

 likeness to one another. Upon the wing or at 

 rest at a little distance they would be indistin- 

 guishable, and even in the cabinet they may be 

 easily confused. It is to be expected that the 

 species of allied groups, with patterns converging 

 towards that of a single model, and approaching 

 it by variations which tend to be produced in the 



1 The species is commonly called P. turntis and its mimetic 

 female the glaucus form. I follow Rothschild and Jordan in trans- 

 posing these names. 



