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moment or two. I believe there is greater pain from hooking than from dehorning. Then an 

 animal often suffers keenly from fear of being hocked. I have known them to bellow and show 

 great distress although there was no actual injury inflicted on the body." 



W. C. Edwards, M.P. : " I believe it is more humane to cut the horns off a lot of steers, 

 and allow them to feed in their natural way, loose, than to tie up an animal on a hard floor 

 and keep it confined in a narrow stall for six months." 



Hon. Robert Read, Member of the Dominion Senate : " I have looked into the dehorning 

 question pretty carefully and I believe it would be humane to the cattle to take the horns off." 



I. P. Roberts, Director of the Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station : " If by 

 hurting one animal for a few moments we can prevent it from inflicting many severe and painful 

 \vounds and hurts on many other animals for many years T feel that it is an act of humanity to 

 take the horns from the offending animals." 



Walter J. Quick, Director of the Colorado State Agricultural College : " The main advant- 

 age of dehorning is the prevention of cruelty among animals. I consider that the suffering in- 

 flicted by the operation is justified by the results, outside of any financial consideration." 



Frank E Emery, Agriculturist of the North Carolina Station : " It is a humane operation 

 between beast and beast, that is, the pain inflicted on a domineering cow or steer seems less 

 than is produced by such a beast in a single day on the quieter ones of a herd with the use of 

 the horns." 



Clinton D. Smith, Director of the Minnesota Experiment Station : "The pain attendant 

 upon the operation seems to cease within a very few moments after the operation." 



S. M. Tracy, Director of the Mississippi Station : " There seems to be no suffering after- 

 wards, and there is less danger from injury to each other." 



C. S. Plumb, Director of the Indiana Station : " In some cases animals struggle or bellow- 

 but more from fright than from pain. I do not believe, from observations taken under the 

 supervision of a trained veterinarian, that there is any considerable pain." 



F. A. Gulley, Director of the Arizona Station : " The suffering inflicted by the operation is 

 so slight that I do not think it worth considering. T not only believe the operation to be a 

 humane ope, but I think it not humane to allow animals to use their horns to punch and gore 

 each other during their natural lives, " 



J. A. Myers, Director of the West Virginia Station : " There is a slight fever in some cases, 

 but from a humane standpoint I think it (the operation) an advantage." 



Tait Butler, Veterinarian of the Mississippi Agricultural Station : "The operation cannot 

 be performed without producing considerable pain for the short period of from ten to twenty 

 seconds ; after that space of time the pain is certainly slight." 



W. A. Henry, Director of the Wisconsin Station : " I am confident that the act of dehorn- 

 ing is humane and beneficent, and can prove it by the action of our herd to any reasonable 

 person." 



Joseph' Hughes, M.R.C.V.S., Professor in the Chicago Veterinary College : "I favor the 

 practice from a perfectly humanitarian standpoint. It prevents the goring of animal by animal, 

 and does away with the bullies." 



W. A. Harris, stockbreeder, Kansas : "The pain is evidently acute during the actual oper- 

 ation, but I think the suffering is greatly aggravated by our imagination." 



Albert E. Menke, Director of Arkansas Station : " The operation must be considered pain- 

 ful, but there is no evidence that the pain is excessive after the operation is over." 



Prof. Baird, of the Royal Dick's College, Scotland : " It is much better that all animals 

 should by dehorning sutler a li'tle for a day or two, than that the weaker should be constantly 

 subjected to torture by their stronger neighbors." 



Thomas Greaves, F.R.C.V.S., Manchester, Eng.: "It is my firm opinion that the prevailing 

 notion that the operation is attended with great pain i3 exaggerated, and that much of this sup- 

 position has its base in sentiment." 



