00 



contents of the bottle well mixed before using ; otherwise only partial success 

 may be reached. The hair should be clipped from about the embryo horn with 

 scissors, and the chemical applied with the rubber cork, wet with the fluid, 

 and rubbed hard over the button until it has penetrated the horn germ. When 

 the germ has become soft, having an inflamed appearance, sufficient material 

 has been applied. Care should be taken that no fluid runs down the calf's 

 head, for the material is very caustic. 



In our tests, in several instances, the fluid was applied to but one horn 

 button, the other being left untreated. The effect usually was to entirely stop the 

 growth of one horn, while the other grew naturally. The calves were sold to a 

 farmer not far distant, who agreed to keep them until grown that we might see 

 the effect of the treatment. Fig. 35 was redrawn from a photograph of a grade 

 Jersey heifer at two years of age, showing that the right horn, to which the com- 





Fig. 35. —Head of 2 year old grade Jersey heifer, showing effect of using chemical dehorner in preventing 



the growth of the right horn. 



pound was applied, never developed. Fig. 36 shows the left horn (with the 

 shell removed) naturally developed, while the right side of the head to which the 

 chemical was applied has not only failed to develop the horn, but even the heavy 

 base which grows out from the skull to support it. This failure to develop not 

 only the horn but its natural support, raises the query of whether a hornless race 

 of cattle could not be developed by using the dehorning compound for a number 

 of generations. 



In advertisements of chemical fluids it is often claimed that the application 

 is painless, but our observations do not coincide with any such statement. The 

 application of a fluid powerful enough to destroy so large a surface as the button 

 on the calf 8 head must produce a great deal of pain, and the calves show this by 



