Mi 



the herd is very desirable. I do not believe very much in dogs as drivers. Rings on the horns 

 are not always a reliable indication of the age of an animal. I saw a dehorned cow sold once 

 and it was judged by its general appearance. I would go by the mouth a good deal. Six 

 wrinkles on the horn generally indicate that the animal is eight or nine years of age. Feeding 

 on sandy soil has a tendency to wear down the teeth. My wife is very much opposed to the 

 practice, and 1 thought that from the pain of a broken horn the pain of dehorning would be 

 correspondingly great. I was inclined at lirst to regard it as cruel, but the class of men who 

 have gone into it at Brownsville led me to think it is not. 1 have not seen the operation per- 

 formed, but I believe the pain cannot be very great if the animals do not show the usual signs 

 of suffering. If I were purchasing and had a choice between horned and dehorned cattle. I 

 would choose those without horns. 



Enoch B. Brown, farmer, Dereham township, President of the Brownsville Cheese Manu- 

 facturing Co., sworn, testified as follows: 



Mr. Diurv. — How many cows do your factories represent, Mr. Brown ! A. We have four 

 factories and receive the milk of about 3,000 cows. Dairying is the leading industry in this 

 neighborhood. 



Q. About how many of these cows are dehorned >. A. About 25 per cent. 



Q. How many cows do you keep ? A. About 20 or 25 head. 



Q. Do you agree with the opinions of the previous witnesses as to the benefits of dehorn- 

 ing '. A. Yes ; most heartily. 



Q. V. >u beli • ve it is an improvement to the cattle themselves '. A. Yes, better in every way. 



Q. Have you had experience in shipping cattle >. A. Yes ; when you bring together a lot 

 of strange cat le you have to watch them to keep them from injuring one another. From the 

 shipper's standpoint it would be a great advantage to have the horns off. I have seen trainloads 

 of dehorned steers coming into Buffalo with no marks on them and all as nice and quiet as 

 sheep. Shippers have told me that at Chicago dehorned cattle are worth from 25 to 50 cents 

 per hundred weight more than the others, but I have never seen any special quotations in the mar- 

 ket reports. The difference is in the ease and comfort of handling and the absence of bruises. 



Q. What class of men have dehorned their cattle in your neighborhood ( A. They are all 

 men of some reputation wh ■> would not do it unless they believed it was a good thing. I have 

 never met one of tlmm who did not say he was more than delighted with the results of the 

 operation. 



Q. You are aware of the objections raised that when the horns are off there is danger of 

 fraud as to the age ? A There is no danger, a good judge can easily tell ; the teeth are marked 

 like a horse's, and you can judge from the general appearance. It is true that the teeth are 

 sometimes affected by the nature of the soil on which the animal pastures, but if the teeth are 

 gone she would not be much use anyway. 



Q. You do not regard the operation as a severe one ! A. No. I have had about 50 head 

 dehorned and I never had but one that I thought was affected in the least bv the op ration. I 

 had some steers that were dehorned last fall ; they were out in the field in a co'd rain storm, 

 and there was a yearling that acted as if he was off feed. I think the operation is like pulling a 

 tooth, when its out it's over ; I have never had my animals show signs of pain ; they seem to 

 suffer ten times as much where the horn is broken ; I am very strongly in favor of the opera- 

 tion. 1 think that the man who is humane to his cattle would have them dehorned. It cer- 

 tainly oughl to be done in a proper manner and with proper tools, and the man who undertakes 

 it oughl to know s >mething about it ; I should think anyone doing the job in a bungling \\;r 

 ought to be punished. 



Q. Have you noticwd whe her a young or old animal suffers most ? A. 1 have not noticed 



much difference n the suffering. I he younger ones bleed more. 



Q Do the dehorned animals show any propensity to bunt ' A. No, those done a year ago 

 last November don' seem to have any propensity that way. 



Q Is there much advantage in watering dehorned stock '. A. Yes, they gather round the 

 trough, as many as can get their noses in ; there is more advantage at the trough than in any 

 other respect. 



Q. Should there be any application after dehorning ? A. 1 think a tarred rag would be a 

 good thing and the animals ought to be kept ouc of the cold for some time after. 



Q. Have you tried the effects of caustic on calves '. A. Yes, I tried it on a calf three days 

 old ; another two weeks, and on another about a month or six weeks old. The first was good 

 but the other two were not so good. I think this would be a good thing if they don't learn tin 

 bunting habit. I intend bo experiment further in that line and will of course drop it if I find 

 that they take bo bunting. 



Mr. Gibson. -Mr. Hopkins' evidence goes to show that dehorned cows in 1891 gave an 

 increase 'if about 2,655 pounds of milk more than those in L890, is that your experience '. A. 

 Well, in L890wehad 19 cows that produced 84,970 lbs. , an average of 4,472. The cows wen 



