112 



Q. In that article you go on to say that the practice is desirable because it brings the- 

 product into more favor with the consumer ? A. Yes. 



Q. That it adds to the value ? A. Yes. 



< t >. I dan't Bee how you can reconcile this with your position on dehorning ? A. I think it 

 is to the advantage of the animal itself, as it does not loso so much flesh afterwards. 



Q. Isn't the object of that article 10 show that it is to the advantage of farmers to spay? 

 A. Yes. I think that the increased value of the animal afterwards justifies the operation. 



Q. Now, is it a commercial advantage — if you exclude that then it is a question of humanity 

 to the animal ! A. Well, the humanity side is not very prominent there. 



Q. Would you say that to cut off the horns in six seconds would be a more painful operation 

 than the intricate operation performed on a sow in spaying ? A. Yes. 



Q. Would you say that money value is not to be considered ? A. Yes. 



Q. Have you ever seen the operation of dehorning ? A. No, but I have seen fractured 

 horns. 



Q. As a professional man, if called upon to attend an animal suffering from injury, you 

 would have no difficulty in telling if it was in pain ? A. I think not. 



Q. Your opinion is that dehorning must be a tremendous shock to the animal / A. Yes, it 

 must be. The bony tissue itself is not of a very painful nature, but the corium is very sensitive 

 and is largely endowed with nervous force. There are also nerves and blood vessels along the 

 outer surface. 



Q. Would the suffering be continued afterwards ? A. Yes. While the wound is healing 

 there would be pain more or less. 



Q. Now if you saw the operation and could not trace any indications of suffering afterwards 

 what would be your opinion ? A. I would be inclined to think there could not be very great 

 pain. I would expect to see certain indications of suffering. 



Q. You speak of the pain afterwards — do you think there will be inflammatory action after 

 the horn is removed ? A. There must be some inflammatory action or there would be no 

 healing. Inflammation is the process that nature has for healing or restoring the part that has 

 become injured. 



Q. Running on for a week or two weeks would you expect to have a discharge of pus ? 

 A. Yes. 



Q. Would that be of a strong odor ? A. If it came from pain it might be of a strong odor. 



Q. The evidence of those who performed the operation was that there was a discharge, but 

 that it was not, as far as they knew, pus — that it healed ovei>in a few days and that bone sub- 

 sequently formed Now, would you say that there must have been suffering during that process ? 

 A. Yes, there must be suffering under the most favorable circumstances. 



Q. Would you say that if this operation is to be performed there should be an after treat- 

 ment '( A. Yes. I think there should be an antiseptic applied. 



Mr. M.wTHERSON. — If there was any considerable amount of suffering would you not expect 

 a decrease in the flow of milk ( A. Yes. I would expect a falling off if there was a disturbance 

 of the nervous system. 



Q. Do you know of any man who has performed this operation and is now opposed to it? 

 A. No. 



Q. You were retained professionally by the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to 

 Animals in the Norfolk case ? A. Yes. 



.Ions Willis, Toronto, sworn, said: lama member of the Toronto police force, and for 

 the past tour years I have been special officer for the prevention of cruelty to animals. I have 

 visi ed the cattle market twice a week, to see that no cruelty was carried on there. 



Q. Have you seen much injury done by the horns? A. Yes. Sometimes quite a bit, 

 especially when Btrange cattle get together. Sometimes you will hear them bellow, and there 

 must be some pain in that case. 



Q. Have you ever noticed cases of broken horn ? A. Yes ; it is a rare thing to see a 

 market day without broken horns ami they suffer a great deal in that way. Muleys are quieter 

 asa rule, but 1 have seen some vicious ones. If this operation is allowed at all it should not be 

 done in the warm weather and I think it should be done when the animals are young. There is 

 a loss from hooking, but I don't, think it is sufficient to warrant cutting off the horns close to the 

 head. I have never seen the operation, but 1 should think it would be very painful. 



Eijwakd A. Thompson, Toronto, sworn, said : I am inspector of hides for Toronto, 

 appointed by the Dominion Govi rniuent. Most of the hides sold in Toronto go through my 



