I08 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY GENERAL. 



the students in and their enthusiasm for the subject can best 

 be aroused by impressing upon them the evolutionary charac- 

 ter of the rules of international law, for through such a presen- 

 tation of the subject the student will not fail to see that the 

 development of positive rules of law governing the relations 

 of States has contributed toward the maintenance of peace. 

 (6) In order to emphasize the positive character of international 

 law the widest possible use be made of cases and the concrete 

 facts of international experience, for the i;iterest of students 

 can best be aroused when they are convinced that they are 

 dealing with such concrete facts, and that the marshaling of 

 such facts in such a way as to develop or illustrate general 

 principles lends dignity to the subject, which can not help but 

 have a stimulating influence; that international law should be 

 constantly illustrated from the sources recognized as ultimate 

 authority, such as cases both of judicial and arbitral deter- 

 mination; treaties, protocols, acts, and declarations of epoch- 

 making congresses, such as Westphalia (1648), Vienna (18 15). 

 Paris (1856), The Hague (1899 and 1907), and London 

 (1909); diplomatic incidents ranking as precedents for action 

 of an international character; and the great classics of inter- 

 national law. 



(c) In the teaching of international law care be exercised to dis- 



tinguish the accepted rules of international law from questions 

 of international policy. 



(d) In a general course on international law the experience of no 



one country be allowed to assume a consequence out of pro- 

 portion to the strictly international principles it may illus- 

 trate. 



Article 26. 



The Second Pan American Scientific Congress, in order still further to 

 advance the cause of international law and the development 

 of international justice, recommends that — 

 A major in international law in a university course, leading to the 

 degree 6f doctor of philosophy, be followed if possible by 

 residence at The Hague in attendance upon the Academy of 

 International Law, installed in 19 14 in the Peace Palace in 

 that city; and that, as no better means has been devised for 

 affording a just appreciation of the diverse and conflicting 

 national views concerning international law or for developing 

 that "international mind" which is so essential in a teacher 



