24 



Dr. Willems says, in regard to the eftects of inoculation : — 

 " "When inoculation is practised, as we have just described, the 

 lips of the little wound which have just been caused to discharge 

 first become dry and then covered with a slight crust adhering 

 to the surface. Then usually after a period of incubation of 

 sixteen days — rarely before, frequently after — an inflammatory 

 swelling or tumour manifests itself around the spot where the 

 inoculation had been effected, hard, hot, painful to the pressure, 

 generally well rounded or circumscribed in shape, involving, in 

 exceptional cases, a large extent of tissues, which often become 

 gangrene. In ordinary cases this sv/elling develops into a kiud 

 of pustulous head (which shortly bursts and becomes covered 

 with thick crusts, which slick together), but sometimes fall off, 

 leaving a sore of an ulcerous nature, which eventually exhausts 

 itself and heals up completely." 



" It is important, for an inoculation to be effected successfullv, 

 for the operator to carefully observe this head, or rather inflam- 

 matory boil. Although animals upon which the local symptoms 

 have not been observed (after an operation as above) may be 

 safe, — it is very pi'udent, nay even necessary, to submit them to a 

 re-inoculation three or four weeks after the first attempt of 

 which the results had not been apparent." 



Although in operating on the great majority of our cattle it 

 will not be possible to carry out the portion of Dr. Willems' 

 instructions which direct re-inoculation where the effects of the 

 operation are not observable, it is so in regard to cattle running 

 in moderately sized paddocks, and especially with respect to stud- 

 herds ; and in their case they should be strictly followed. 



(6.) — Remedies for Excessive Swellings. 



As excessive swellings and gangrenous gatherings not unfre- 

 quently follow inoculation, even when properly and carefully 

 performed, it is necessary to consider how these may be best 

 counteracted. If the cattle are quiet, and can be inspected and 

 handled, they should be so twice a day for a month at least after 

 they are operated on ; and if the tail near the part where the needle 

 entered, or anywhere else, appears to be dead or mortified, it 

 should be cut off at the first sound part immediately above where 

 it appears to be dead. 



When, however, serious swellings take place at the butt of the 

 tail, experience shows that it is better not to cut the tail off close 

 or near to the rump ; but blood-letting, by making longitudinal 

 incisions in the under side of the tail near to the butt, as well as 

 cutting it off at the sound part above and nearest to the spot 

 inoculated, have a beneficial effect. It will be seen on considering 

 the subject that cutting the tail off close to the rump, where both 

 the bone and muscles are comparatively large, and where of course 



