29 



In Austria, again, aUliougli similar regulations are iu force, 

 they have not been so successfully carried out. This has no 

 doubt been in a great measure attributable to the more extended 

 border which Austria has to protect ; to its territory lying more 

 adjacent to the Steppe Country ; and to the cattle in Austria and 

 Hungary being in much larger herds and less under control. 



There were several outbreaks of cattle plague in both Prussia 

 and Austria while I was in England, but I was unable, on account 

 of the prevalence of cholera in these Countries, to visit them until 

 the cold weather set in and the cholera had abated. I reached 

 Berlin in the end of November last, when I found that the latest 

 case of cattle plague in Prussia (which had occurred at Oppeln, in 

 East Prussia), had shortly before been cflectually dealt wdth. I 

 then heard of an outbreak at Kirchdorf, in Upper Austria ; but 

 there again I was too late, as the infected cattle were killed and 

 buried two days before my arrival, and all I saw was the newly 

 made graves where the stock were buried and the guard of soldiers 

 around the infected ground. I waited in the neighbourhood for 

 some days, but no further outbreak occurred, and I had to leave 

 without seeing an animal affected v\Tth the disease. 



I see by the latest accounts from Home, that a serious outbreak 

 of cattle plague has occurred in Switzerland, most likely from 

 infection from Upper Austria. 



III.— EOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE. 



1. — Name, Histoet, a^^d Chaeacteeistics. 



This disease is of unknown origin. It is known in England as 

 the " Epidemic," " Demic," "Tic," "Blisters," and " Eoot and 

 Mouth Disease" ; in Scotland, as the " Murrain" ; and profes- 

 sionally as " Vesicular Aphtha." It is a blood disease arising 

 from animal poison. It is not indigenous to Great Britain, and 

 is always more or less prevalent on the Continent. It is also 

 common in Asia. Eoot and mouth disease is highly contagious, 

 and communicable from one animal to another like pleuro-pneu- 

 monia or cattle plague ; but unlike these aiiections, one attack of 

 foot and mouth disease does not ensure the animal from second 

 or subsequent attacks, should it again como within reach of the 

 infection. 



2. — Nature. 



Foot and mouth disease assumes the form of an aphthous 

 eruption on the gums, mouth, and tongue, and also on the feet 

 of the animal attacked. It attacks cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs, 



