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The following is a list of fixed oils, and of the 

 trees that afford them. 



Olive oil, from the Olive tree (Olca Europea), 

 Linseed oil, from the common and perennial Flax 

 (Linum usitatissimum et perenne^) Nut oil, from the 

 Hazel nut (Coryllus avellana), Walnut (Juglans regia), 

 Hemp oil, from the Hemp (Cannabis sativa). Almond 

 oil, from the sweet Almond (Amygdalus communis\ 

 Beech oil, from the common Beech (Fagus syhatica}, 

 Rape-seed oil, from the Rapes (Brassica napus et cam- 

 pestris\ Poppy oil, from the Poppy (Papaver somnife- 

 rum\ oil of Sesamum, from the Sesamum (Sesamum 

 orientale\ Cucumber oil, from the Gourds (Cucurbita 

 pepo et malapepo)) oil of Mustard, (Sinapis nigra et ar- 

 vensis}, oil of Sunflower, from the annual and peren- 

 nial Sunflower, (Helianthus annuus et perennls\ Castor 

 oil, from the Palma Christ! (Rkinus communh\ To- 

 bacco (Nicotiana tabacum et rustica), Plum kernel oil, 

 from the Plum tree (Prunus domestica)^ Grape-seed 

 oil, from the Vine (Vitis t vimfera)^ Butter of cacoa, 

 from the Cacoa tree (Theobroma cacoa^) Laurel oil, 

 from the sweet Bay tree (Laurus nobllis}. 



The fixed oils are very nutritive substances ; they 

 are of great importance in their applications to the 

 purposes of life. Fixed oil, in combination with soda, 

 forms the finest kind of hard soap. The fixed oils 

 are used extensively in the mechanical arts, and for 

 the preparation of pigments and varnishes. 



16. Volatile oil, likewise called essential oil, differs 

 from fixed oil, in being capable of evaporation by a 

 much lower degree of heat ; in being soluble in alco- 



