GEOGRAPHY. 195 



north, and that pole, as by that they determine 

 the latitude of places : and the adronomers ob- 

 ferve the fouth, becaufr from thence they deter- 

 mine the meridian height of the fun and ftars ; 

 and it is in that part they obferve the courfe of 

 the zodiac. Another divifion of the earth is 

 that by climates : thus they make twenty-four 

 climates of hours, begining at the equator, pro- 

 ceeding by the degrees of latitude, and ending 

 at fifty-fix degrees thirty-one minutes. They 

 likewife didinguifli fix climates of days, towards 

 the north, the firft of which begins at the fame 

 degree of fixty-fix, and ends at the pole, where 

 the day is of fix months continuance : thefe latter 

 climates include countries inhabited and unin- 

 habited. 



X. But the mod natural divifion, and that 

 which is the mod eafy to be conceived and re- 

 tained in the memory, is that by which the earth 

 is divided into four parts. Each of thefe four 

 parts is fubdivided into continent and iflands, 

 and geography, by dill further extending thefe 

 divifions, confiders the dates or nations that in- 

 habit the fevcral parts of the continent and ifles. 

 is, 



( i.) Europe comprehends i. toward the north, 

 Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Lapland, Ruflla, 

 including Livonia, F.itonia and Finland, Cour- 

 land, Pruffia, and Poland with Lithuania: 2. 

 toward the center, that is on the cad and v. 

 France, Savoy, Switzerland, Flanders, Holland, 



Germany, 



