INDEX 



493 



parish ploughs, 199 ; paring 

 ploughs, 115; Small's ploughs, 

 202, 208 ; steam ploughs, 369 ; 

 in Suffolk, 193 ; in Tudor times, 

 91, 92 ; in 1837, 356, 369. 



Plough-lands, 21. 



Plough teams, manorial, 21 ; under 

 Elizabeth, 92 ; in Kent under 

 Cromwell, 202. 



Plumstead Marshes, embankment of, 

 115. 



Plymley, Joseph, his Shropshire, 294. 



Polders, 114. 



Pole, length of the, in Hampshire and 

 Cheshire, 24. 



A Political Enquiry into the Con- 

 sequences of Enclosing Waste Lands, 

 etc., 303. 



Politics, agitation in 1888 and 1912, 

 394 ; agricultural labourers and, 

 406, 411, 412; included in pro- 

 gramme of Labourers' Union, 410 ; 

 landowner impoverished by the 

 State, 402; outlook in 1888 and 

 1912, 398. 



Polo, the Polo Pony Society, 384. 



Pomeroy, William Thomas, his Wor- 

 cestershire, 229. 



Pontefract, liquorice grown at, 136. 



Poor Laws, Extracts from the Infor- 

 mation received by H.M. Com- 

 missioners as to the . . . operation 

 of the Poor Laws, 330, 437 ; Report 

 on the, of 1834, 329, 437. 



Poor Laws, the, Act of 1388, 432 ; of 

 1503, 432; of 1530, 74, 432; of 

 1536, 74, 432 ; of 1547, 432, 434 ; 

 of 1549, 432; of 1572, 432; of 

 1575, 432, 434 ; of 1597, 432, 434 ; 

 of 1601, 433, 434 ; of 1662, 434 ; 

 of 1691, 435 ; of 1722, 435, 436 ; 

 of 1776, 435; of 1782, 435; of 1795, 



436 ; of 1796, 436 ; of 1815, 436 ; 

 of 1834, 325, 330, 349, 407, 408, 



437 ; of 1840, 433 ; under Richard 

 II., 432 ; Henry VII., 431 ; Henry 

 VIII., 74, 432 ; Edward VI., 432, 

 434 ; Elizabeth, 432 seq. ; Charles 

 II., 434 ; William and Mary, 435 ; 

 George I., 148, 435, 436 ; George 

 III., 433, 435 seq. ; William IV., 

 437 ; Victoria, 433, 438 ; able- 

 bodied vagrants, 74, 432, 436; 

 administration of, in 1813-34, 328 ; 

 agriculturists, a serious change for, 

 432 ; allowances, Berkshire scale 

 of, 327, 436 ; almshouses, 435 ; 

 annual value, basis of Poor Rates, 

 431 ; assessment of 1834, 431 ; 

 bastardy, the law of, and, 329, 437 ; 

 Berkshire scale of allowances, 327, 



436; Board, the Poor Law, of 

 1847, 437, 438; classification of 

 paupers, 433 ; collectors, 432 ; 

 Commission of Inquiry, the, in 

 1832, 330, 486; Commissioners, 

 three appointed in 1834, 437 ; 

 Committees, Select, of 1817, 436 ; 

 of 1820, 1821, 1822, 1833 and 

 1836, 324, 326; Coode, G., his 

 Report in 1851, 434 ; Correction, 

 Houses of, 432, 434, 435 ; Crown, 

 subsidies for, 431 ; depression of 

 1813-36, 436 ; difficulties accen- 

 tuated by increased mendicancy 

 and by industrial changes, 434 ; 

 distress made applicable to Poor 

 Rates, 433 ; Earby, Sir Anthony, 

 his case, 433 ; estimate of idle 

 vagrants, in 1605, 434 ; expendi- 

 ture under, in 1776, 435 ; in 1783 

 and 1815, 316, 317 ; in 1818, 317 ; 

 in 1832, 331 ; in 1837, 326, 327 ; 

 fair wage, a, 436 ; feudal tenures, 

 occasionally the origin of Pooi 

 Rates, 431 ; Friendly Societies. 

 436 ; Gilbert's Act, 327, 435, 437 ; 

 Guardians, 435 ; inadequacy of the 

 voluntary principle, 432 ; income 

 tax, a moral, 432 ; industrial 

 invention and, 435 ; inquisition 

 of, 1334, the, 431 ; Justices, to 

 supervise administration, 432, 436 ; 

 under Act of 1691, 435; labour, 

 mobility of, restricted, 434 ; labour 

 test, the, 434 ; laxity of Poor Laws 

 under George III., 433, 435 ; lia- 

 bility, based on ability to pay, 433 ; 

 national taxes raised by local 

 rates, 431 ; origin of rates, 431 ; 

 optional charity becomes com- 

 pulsory almsgiving and finally 

 local taxation, 432 ; out-relief, 327, 

 331, 407, 408, 436; refused in four 

 parishes, 330 ; overseers, 433, 435, 

 436 ; personalty, relieved from 

 rates by Act of 1840, 433 ; popu- 

 lation, growth of, and, 435 ; prices, 

 rise of, in 1765-74, 435 ; in 1795-6, 

 436 ; railways and, 408 ; rates, 

 in mediaeval times, 431 ; 1782- 

 1792, 321 ; in 1812, 321 ; in 1832, 

 350 ; in 1837, 350 ; at Coggeshall, 

 308; at Stroud, 311; parish 

 allowances, 329; abolished, 331; 

 riots in favour of, 330 ; records of 

 farms and houses, 431 ; relaxation 

 of original principles in 1795-1834, 

 433 ; relief in kind, 437 ; relieving 

 officers, 437 ; removal of paupers, 

 434, 435, 436 ; rental value, the 

 measure of liability, 433 ; rent, 



