ii.] QUALITIES. 135 



Next, as regards the effect of dogmatic 

 teaching, or of " creed," on research. I had ex- 

 pected it to have been much more deterrent and 

 hindering than the answers warrant. The suicide 

 of the geologist, Hugh Miller, whose brain gave 

 way under the conflict between dogmatic creed 

 and scientific doubt, is a terrible tale. One 

 would have thought that the anathemas from 

 the pulpits against most new scientific dis- 

 coveries, as soon as they became capable of 

 popular application, such as geological history, 

 antiquity of man, and Darwinism, must have 

 deterred many ; and, as I have already shown, 

 few of the sons of clergymen are on my list. 

 Nevertheless, in answer to my direct inquiry 

 " Has the religious creed taught in your youth 

 had a deterrent effect on the freedom of your 

 researches ? " I am met with an overpowering 

 majority of negatives. Seven or eight say " no," 

 justifying their assertion by various reasons, to 

 one who says " yes," as is shown by the appended 

 replies. These may be sorted into the four 

 following groups : 



(1) "No" deterrent effect 39 cases. (2) 



