58 REPORT OF THE No. 3 



"The party followed the usual canoe route via Pine Ridge, Pawkwash Lake, 

 Trout Lake River and Woman Lake River to Bear Lake. Our point of com- 

 mencement on O.L.S. Ross' meridian, was about two and a half miles inland from 

 Bear Lake, and was reached on June 7th, after a trip uneventful except for some 

 delay with wind and rain. 



"Work on the line was commenced the next morning, the line being cut 

 westward, as instructed, from mile 72 on the meridian. 



"At the latitude of our line, the convergence of meridian amounts to six 

 and four-tenths minutes in six miles and the base line was accordingly deflected 

 to that extent at each sixth mile, in order to follow the chords of the parallel of 

 latitude. 



"A two-chain steel band was used for measurements throughout the survey. 

 On broken ground, measurements were made with the aid of a clinometer* and 

 the horizontal distance was deduced from the vertical angle. The country 

 abounds in lakes, and consequently numerous triangulations (sixty in all) 

 were required. Triangles in the 2nd, 16th, 18th, 84th and 93rd miles will be 

 seen from the field notes to have the angles at the apex slightly less than ten 

 degrees. In no case, however, is the deficiency greater than twenty-five minutes 

 of arc, and the base in these instances was selected with a view to accurate chain- 

 age in preference to a longer base over broken ground. For the triangulation 

 at Otter Lake, mile 16, a base was cut to the north of the line and abandoned 

 as not suitable, and the base finally used to the south was restricted by an 

 island near the line. 



"Frequent observations on Polaris were taken throughout the survey, 

 and the results of these are appended to the field notes. The wooden posts 

 planted at each mile were made of spruce or jack pine. All were at least six 

 inches square and firmly planted. A substantial stone mound was built around 

 each post if stones were available and with a few exceptions, where no timber 

 was standing within a reasonable distance, each post was referenced to two 

 bearing trees. An iron post was planted to mark each third mile. In general 

 the standard post thirty inches long was used, but short iron posts were substi- 

 tuted in several places, as recorded in the field notes. The short iron post with 

 its accompanying pyramid seems a desirable monument and more could have 

 been used in this particular survey had they been available. The last point 

 crossed by our line before entering the bay of Carroll Lake, where the line 

 intersected the Manitoba boundary, was of a rocky nature, and it was possible 

 to plant the standard iron post in the usual way with pits and mounds. It was, 

 therefore, built about by a substantial cairn instead. 



"Adjacent to the shores of lakes crossed by the line, the width of the cutting 

 was increased so as to obtain a sky line width of ten to twelve feet for a distance 

 of about two chains back from the shore. Similar extra width was cut on the 

 summits of the larger hills. In addition, a considerable proportion of the mileage 

 was through second growth jack pine, and the ordinar>^ cutting produced a 

 natural sky-line which we have no doubt would be readily discernible from the 

 air under proper conditions. 



"Points used last year by Dominion Land vSurveyor Christie, in traversing 

 the water route between Carroll and Red Lakes, were tied in by us and are 

 recorded in the notes of our 60th and 66th miles. In general, however, his 

 traverse lay considerably to the south of our line. 



The aerial photographs from flights FA 64 anf FA 65 of the R.C.A.F. 

 covered, for the most part, an area somewhat south of the base line, and we 



