72 REPORT OF THE No. 7 



cases they were very bad. However, by taking advantage of these, I was able to 

 do most of my moving by teams or trucks and thus eliminate man packing and 

 reduce the cost of the work. 



The method of survey was, briefly, a careful traverse of the original line 

 which I was able to retrace in its entirety, there being scarcely a quarter of a mile 

 any place on the line where I could not find unquestionable evidence of the 

 original survey, though in many places it was difficult, as there are large burnt 

 areas and areas in which the timber had been taken out leaving little trace of 

 the original survey. At every point where I found satisfactory evidence of an 

 original corner, I planted a new post of the most durable wood obtainable; 

 these, in nearly all cases were mounded well with stones. The details of the 

 posting are fully set out in my field notes. All posts were set on the true line 

 between the townships, that is, in the centre of the allowance for road, except in 

 a few cases as is shown in the field notes, where the post was planted on the 

 limit of the road allowance. The marking on the posts was done by carving 

 deeply in the wood with a sharp knife or scribe. Wooden posts planted to 

 mark the intersection of a lot line with the boundary line were marked with the 

 respective lot numbers in "Arabic" as well as the full name of the township. And 

 posts planted to mark the intersection of a concession line with the boundary 

 line were marked with the full name of the township and the respective numbers 

 of the concessions in "Roman," together with the letter "R" indicating that the 

 post marked the centre of the allowance for road between the concessions. At 

 each post, where possible, two bearing trees were marked in the usual manner 

 with the letters "B.T." The distance and astronomic bearing from the post to 

 centre of the blaze on such trees were noted and recorded in the field notes. 

 Standard Iron Posts and Rock Posts were planted where indicated and the usual 

 pits and mounds constructed. As it required considerable experience to identify 

 and re-establish the old land marks, I personally did this part of the work. 



Chaining was carried on by means of a five-chain tape and a clinometer was 

 used for reading the angles of slope from which the proper corrections were made. 

 Check measurements were made over the whole line with a two hundred foot 

 tape and wherever these measurements did not agree within the allowable error, 

 they were repeated. This, however, did not occur often. The distance across all 

 waters that could not be chained in the usual manner was ascertained by double 

 triangulation, care being taken to use triangles such as would give the greatest 

 degree of accuracy. In a few cases offsetting was used in preference to 

 triangulation. 



Astronomical observations were taken where and when possible and all 

 bearings shown in my returns refer to the 79th Meridian. The weather condi- 

 tions, nearly all season, were very bad for taking observations and as I was often 

 obliged to camp some distance from the actual work, I did not get as many ob- 

 servations as I usually do, however, the bearings between observations, in all 

 cases, checked quite closely. 



Several magnetic observations were also taken, the records of which I am 

 forwarding along with my other returns. 



Levels and check levels were carried along the entire line. I was fortunate 

 in getting the services of a very reliable man for this part of the work, in the 

 person of Capt. K. M. Evans. I was unable to get a definite bench mark, 

 from which to commence levelling and so was obliged to carry on, using an 

 assumed datum. Later, however, the Topographical Survey of Canada ran a line 

 of levels and ascertained the true elevation of my starting point. Allowing this 

 correction, the levels closed at the south end of the survey on another bench 



