DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS FOR 1929 139 



three-inch outlet from the other pump with a second three-inch check valve set 

 in the line. The pump, which is of the single stage rotary type, powered with a 

 25 H, P. three-phase motor (Century), is proving very satisfactory. 



-Roads. 



In the spring an agreement was entered into with the Canadian National 

 Railways whereby we obtained a private crossnig through the right-of-way to 

 the gravel pit from which we obtain all of our gravel. The crossing which 

 necessitated the construction of a square culvert with 18-inch inside dimensions 

 by 16 feet long and a bridge 10 feet by 16 feet wide, shortens our haul from the 

 pit from one mile each way to a few yards. This crossing right-of-way was 

 obtained for the nominal rental of $1.00 per year. 



During the summer, 23/2 miles of township road were taken over from 

 Clarke Township for maintenance purposes. This road, which abuts the nursery 

 on the west side for its full length and, in part, divides the nursery into the 

 north and south sections, was graded up and gravelled. 



During the early autumn. County Road No. 47, which is a main road from 

 Newcastle to Lindsay was paved from Newcastle to Orono. In the course of 

 the construction work a grade was created which necessitated an entirely new 

 approach from the nursery to the village street. A fill of eight feet was necessary 

 at the approach to the paved road and from that to a two-foot fill at a distance 

 of two hundred feet. The resultant approach to the village is a great improve- 

 ment over the former curved approaches. The sides of the grade, which is in 

 places two to twelve feet high, were protected by posts on which was erected a 

 heav>s thirty-inch wooden highway guard. 



(3) Permanent Planting 



Areas on the hillsides in the southern section of the nursery were permanently 

 planted to the following: 



Area No. 1 — 4 acres: 



White Pine 2,500 



Red Pine 2,500 



Trees planted alternate in the row. 



Area No. 2 — 2 acres: 



White Spruce 1,250 



European Larch 1,250 



Trees planted alternate in the row. 



In addition to nursery plantations a determined effort was made to securt 

 a soil cover on the blow sand area comprising some twenty acres of the Manvers 

 Township Demonstration Plot at Bethany in Durham County. The fence line 

 on the windward side of this plot cuts squarely across the centre of a blow sand 

 area, comprising in all, some forty acres. As a result coniferous transplants are 

 either blown out by the roots or completely buried before they get a chance to 

 develop, while Carolina Poplar and Willow cuttings have the tender young buds 

 and shoots beaten to pieces by the drifting sand before they can harden. 



This year a number of rooted Carolina Poplars were planted along the fence 

 line and wide bands of the same material were established at frequent intervals 

 across the wind direction. The spaces between these bands were then planted 

 with Red, Scotch and Jack pine, a three-foot by three-foot spacing being used 



