DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS FOR 1930 81 



such cases the transit was used instead. Knowing the difficulty of obtaining 

 accurate measurements in such a rough country, I personally took charge of 

 the chaining. The distances across lakes that could not be chained, were 

 triangulated in the prescribed manner. During the first few miles of the survey, 

 the transit work was carried on by means of running a straight line as near 

 the original line as possible, making deflections wherever it was found necessary, 

 but later I found that the line could be run straight from one post to the next, 

 and when deflections were made they were made only at the posts. Very 

 often several miles could be run without making a deflection. All angles of 

 deflection were measured by means of perpendicular offsets. 



It is rather remarkable to note that the greatest difference I made with the 

 original survey in the bearing of the line is a little over three minutes, and the 

 total difference in distance over the whole ninety miles is only eight feet. 



The country through which this survey passes is situated wholly in the 

 Timagami Forest Reserve, and it is well adapted for this purpose as there is 

 no land suitable for agricultural purposes. The soil is generally a light sand 

 overlying gravel or bed rock. The southerly twenty-four miles of the line 

 passes through a very rough country, almost mountainous in places, with many 

 rock outcroppings and large boulders. From the forty-second to the forty- 

 eighth mile posts the country is chiefly very wet, spruce swamps with an 

 occasional low sand ridge. Continuing on to about the 75th mile the country 

 is fairly level or rolling, while north of this to the 99th mile the country is again 

 very hilly. From the 99th mile to the end of the work the line passes through 

 a fairly level tract, though high hills could be seen at no great distance from the 

 line. 



Red and white pine was seen in spots as far north as the 98th mile post. 

 There is a particularly good standof this timber south of East Shining Tree Lake 

 in the 55th and 56th mile. Jack pine and spruce are the predominant timbers 

 throughout. The jack pine being particularly good in the vicinity of the 

 Wanapitei River in the Townships of Unwin and Stull. Large yellow birch 

 and hard maple are plentiful between the 31st and 37th mile. 



White birch, balsam and cedar grow in varying quantities throughout. 

 The tamarac which grew plentifully in this country was all killed by some blight 

 about a year after the original survey was made, and much of it is still standing 

 while young tamarac is fast growing up to take its place. 



There are many lakes in the vicinity of the line, some of them being very 

 picturesque. The outlets of Burwash and Welcome Lakes have been dammed 

 for lumbering purposes, hence there is more or less drowned land along their 

 shores. 



Fish are plentiful in all the waters of any size, the chief varieties being pike 

 and pickerel. Bass and lake trout were caught in Burwash Lake and speckled 

 trout in the Night Hawk River. 



The chief game in this country is moose. There is also an occasional red 

 deer. Bears are numerous in some parts as are also wolves. Beaver were plentiful 

 a few years ago, but they have been almost exterminated. 



The geological formation, in a general way, is as follows: Huronian rock 

 occurs between the 18th and 22nd miles, between the 31st and 54th miles, and 

 between the 70th and 78th miles. This usually consists of quartzite, conglomerate 

 and diabase. The balance of the line is in Pre-Huronian formation consisting 

 of granite-gneiss and schists. 



No water-powers of any importance were seen and no economic minerals 

 were discovered. 



