54 REPORT OF THE No. 3 



possible complications it seemed advisable to provide for an early defining of 

 the said line north from where it was terminated by the survey in 1898 at 

 the Winnipeg River. 



An Act of Parliament of Canada assented to 1st April, 1912, describes 

 the first stretch of this interprovincial boundary as follows: 



"Commencing at the most northerly point of the westerly boundary of 

 the Province of Ontario as determined by "The Canada (Ontario Boundary) 

 Act 1889; thence due north along the same meridian to the intersection 

 thereof with the centre of the road allowance on the 12th baseline of the 

 system of Dominion Land Surveys." 



An Order in Council approved by His Honour the Lieutenant-Governor 

 dated 9th day of February, 1921, appointed the Director of Surveys Interpro- 

 vincial Boundary Commissioner for the Province of Ontario. An order in 

 council approved by His Excellency the Governor-General dated 26th day of 

 February, 1921, appointed the Surveyor General Interprovincial Boundary 

 Commissioner for the Dominion. These Orders in Council authorized the 

 said Commissioners to take the necessary steps for proceeding with the survey. 

 J. W. Pierce, Ontario and Dominion Land Surveyor, of Ottawa, was in- 

 structed to take charge of the field operations and actual survey work on the 

 ground commenced about Ist June, 1921, and continued until the middle of 

 October. 



The character of the work may best be understood by quoting some extracts 

 from Surveyor Pierce's interim report, as follows: 



"About 70 miles of line was opened out, along which 52 monuments 

 were erected. Of these, 11 were concrete monuments, while the rest were 

 rock bolts cemented in holes in the rock alongside of a rock pyramid 5 feet 

 square at the base and 3 feet high. These pyramids were solidly built 

 of suitable stone, which was roughly hewn so that they present a finished 

 appearance. The line itself was so opened that it has a 12 foot clear sky 

 line, and its centre on the ground was cleared as far as possible of all 

 obstructions to careful chaining. 



"The main chainage was obtained by suspending a chain between two 

 tripods on one of which a transit was mounted for purposes of alignment 

 and measurement of slope. A uniform tension was obtained by the use 

 of a spring balance while temperature corrections were applied throughout. 

 The chain used in the field was obtained at intervals with a standard which 

 had previously been tested here in Ottawa. 



"A further chainage, independent of this semi-precise method, was 

 carried on by the use of a 300 foot chain, chainage pins, plumbobs and 

 clinometers as a check, for the purpose of detecting errors. Distances 

 across water were obtained by the mean of two independent triangles 

 with apex angles of 30 degrees. After the first couple of weeks, the entire 

 chainage, both main and check, was carried on by two chainmen, one 

 of whom was a Land Surveyor. 



"In addition to the topography obtained along the line, traverses 

 were made as far as possible, of all the lakes that could be found within a 

 mile of the line. That part of the work is shown on the accompanying 

 plots and will be greatly extended by the addition of the information 

 obtained by the geologists. 



"The line passed through a well wooded country, which, except through 

 a part south of Snowshoe Lake, has not been touched by fire. Some timber 



