1921-22 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND FORESTS 217 



tion, namely, virgin, moderately culled, severely culled, second growth, and 

 young growth. The poplar-birch stands were thrown into two groups, on the 

 basis of whether white pine reproduction was in evidence or not. The mixed 

 type was defined as containing more than 20 per cent, numerically of either 

 hardwood or conifers among the dominants. Young growth corresponds to 

 saplings up to 4 inches; second growth to polewood above 4 inches. 



On these maps, showing forest types and conditions, there were also placed 

 roads, trails, abandoned roads, railway lines, existing telephone lines, water- 

 shed boundaries, and good locations marked for lookout points for fire ranging 

 use. Along with this field mapping, information was compiled by townships, 

 covering such points as present fire hazards, location and number of male help 

 available for fire fighting, wood-using industries and mills in existence, nature 

 and extent of other industries such as farming, mining, game and fish, tourist 

 traffic, population, general suitability of the area for agriculture, etc. 



From Calabogie, two parties commenced work on the settled sector south- 

 east of Algonquin Park (Renfrew). With this completed, a third party was 

 formed, and all three followed respective railway lines — C.P.R., C.N.R., G.T.R. 

 — thence along the Ottawa River and through the Park. On the completion 

 of the Algonquin Park area, one party struck across-country from Trout Creek 

 to C.N.R., and south, so covering the Parry Sound sector. The other two 

 parties attacked the Georgian Bay sector, one party following the C.P.R. north 

 from Parry Sound, and the other travelling south by launch and canoe. 



Effective use of Ford cars in the more settled sections of Ottawa Valley, 

 Parry Sound, Renfrew, Madawaska, and of canoes in Algonquin Park and Georg- 

 ian Bay sectors, combined to speed up the work and minimize waste of power 

 and energy. 



Sixteen forestry students were employed in the summer's work, working 

 under the immediate direction of Messrs. G. M. Dallyn, P. McEwen, and 

 W. A. Delahey of this Branch. Two parties of eight and one of three formed 

 separate camps. The method of work was by foot, with distances computed 

 by pacing. Men worked in pairs. Each pair was given a block of territory 

 to cover, involving about twenty miles travelling, daily. This may mean an 

 area from nine to fifteen square miles, depending on the nature of the settle- 

 ment, i.e., existing roads, etc., and topography. Boundaries of forest types 

 were checked from lookout sites. Railways, junction of roads, surveyed lakes, 

 rivers, lot lines, served as tying in points, and in less settled districts, compass 

 triangulation was employed. 



In all, 7,682,518 acres were examined at a cost of one-quarter of a cent 

 per acre. 



Forest Composition. — Of 7,213,372 acres of land investigated in 1920 and 

 1921, 79.2 per cent, is forested, 10.9 per cent, is barren, and 9.9 cleared. Lakes 

 form an additional area of 469,146 acres, or 6.1 per cent, of the total area 

 examined. 



First, let us discuss the composition of the forest area. The comppsition 

 of the forested area (5,710,291 acres) is made up of 36.6 per cent, mixed; 22.4 

 per cent, poplar-birch: 19.1 per cent, hardwood; 18.2 per cent, poplar-birch- 

 coniferoup; and 3.7 per cent, coniferous. The mixed type occupies over one- 

 half of the forested area in each of Algonquin Park, Parry Sound, and Georgian 

 Bay districts, and these contain 73.2 per cent, of the total mixed forest. The 



