222 REPORT OF THE No. 3 



Estimate of the Timber. 



1. Pulpwood — cords 



Spruce 3,700,000 



Balsam 900,000 



Poplar 1,600,000 



6,200,000 



2. Ties. 



Jack Pine 33,000,000 



3. Lumber — board feet. 



White Pine 56,000,000 



Red Pine 27,000,000 



83,000,000 



Air and Ground Report of the James Bay Forest Survey made in 1922 

 UNDER Supervision of R. N. Johnston, Forester, 



I. Area. 

 The James Bay survey covered the territory north of the Canadian Govern- 

 ment Railway (Transcontinental) from Quebec boundary westward to Moose 

 and Mattagami rivers and including their west banks to a depth of five miles. 

 The area involved was around 13,500 square miles or, 8,640,000 acres. 



II. Object. 

 The purpose of the survey was to obtain an estimate of the forest resources, 

 and a map showing forest types and conditions, together with supplemental 

 information on physiographic features. 



III. Procedure. 



1. Aerial Type Mapping: 



In view of (a) the inaccessible nature of the country, (b) the shortness of 

 the working season (less than 100 days possible) and (c) the desire to complete 

 the work within one season, it was planned to use aircraft to delimit timber 

 types and thus avoid the examination by the estimating party of waste areas 

 and areas of non-commercial timber. The contract for flying was awarded to 

 the Laurentide Air Service who established an air station at Remi Lake, 55 miles 

 west of Cochrane in Fauquier Township and supplied 342 flying hours between 

 June 2 and October 3. 



The subdivision of a forest area into types by the use of aircraft, can be 

 carried out either (a) by the records of observations made during flight by an 

 observer (by a direct method), or (b) by the use of photographs which are after- 

 wards related and interpreted (indirect). 



(a) Direct Mapping. — While the direct method as above defined may very 

 conceivably lead in its further developments to complex methods with a con- 

 siderable use of instruments, as yet it consists essentially in sketch mapping the 

 information required as directly observed while in flight. The requirements 

 for satisfactory results by this method may be discussed under two heads 

 (a) Machines (b) Observers and their equipment. 



Machines. — The machines used in the past season and in 1921 in this work, 

 while of difi^erent types, including the H.S.2.L., F.3., Vickers Viking, and Loen- 

 ing Air Yacht have been alike in that in all of them the observer's cockpit is 

 placed directly in the nose or front of the machine. It is believed that this 

 position for observation purposes can hardly be improved on. 



