THE ANATOMY OF THE OX. 47 



palpebrarum, and is more strongly developed and thicker than 

 in the case of the horse. 



The Trunk. — The muscle which seems to correspond to 

 the sterno-maxillaris of the horse is looked upon by Chauveau 

 as representing the inferior fleshy band of the panniculus car- 

 nosus. It is attached above to the fascia of the masseter 

 muscle, and sometimes it may be traced to the zygoma. If this 

 view is the correct one, it would appear that the sterno-maxil- 

 laris is represented by the sterno-suboccipitalis, a muscle which 

 is inserted on the basi-occipital bone, in company with a tendon 

 of the levator humeri. The sterno-thyro-hyoideus is larger 

 than in the horse, and is not digastric. The rectus capitis anticus 

 major is covered by the trachelo-atloideus, a flat muscle which 

 unites the atlas inferiorly to some of the succeeding vertebrse. 

 The levator humeri attaches itself anteriorly to the mastoid 

 process, to the posterior surface of the occipital bone and the 

 ligamentum nuchas, to the basi-occipital bone, together with 

 the sterno-suboccipitalis. and to the wing of the atlas by a tendon 

 separate from that of the splenius and trachelo-mastoideus. 

 The splenius muscle in the case of ruminants is very small. In 

 the camel, according to Cuvier, it does not exist, or, if it does, 

 is so small as to escape observation. 



The trapezius and eerratus magnus are largely developed, and 

 the intercostals and levatores costarum, of course, vary in 

 number with the ribs. The pectoralis anticus is small, and 

 considerably blended with the transversus. The abdominal 

 tunic is large and very thick, and, in fact, it may be said that 

 its development is always proportional to the magnitude of the 

 abdominal viscera. The lineae transversae of the rectus abdominis 

 are very well marked. The obliquus internus is large, and it 

 fills up the space between the ilium, the last rib, and the lumbar 

 vertebrae. The fascia transversalis is more marked than is that 

 of the horse. The diaphragm in ruminants is thick and strong, 

 and is proportionate to the weight of the abdominal viscera. 

 The crura of the diaphragm are long and large, and the peri- 

 phery is attached more anteriorly than in the horse. In the 

 camel the diaphragm usually contains a small bone. 



Fore Limb. — The extensors of the metacarpus are disposed 

 as is the case in the horse, with the exception that the tendon of 

 the obliquus is inserted into the great metacarpal bone. The 



