72 THE DISEASES AND DISORDEES OF THE OX. 



of the larger ruminants. Tragulus and small ruminants have 

 simple kidneys, there being no cones at all. In the camel and 

 other large ruminants the cones are independent towards the 

 cortex, and unite towards the centre and open on a ridge. In 

 the hovidse the cones are distinct throughout, and there is one 

 separate papilla for each cone. 



The bladder of the ox is larger than that of the horse, and 

 its peritoneal covering extends further backwards. 



GENERATIVE SYSTEM. 

 Male Organs. — Now, as regards the male organs of repro- 

 duction, all ruminants have the scrotum developed. They have 

 no OS penis as the carnivorous animals have. The prostatic 

 glands are large in the case of the ox, and frequently special 

 glands in connection with the reproductive system are developed 

 in ruminants. For instance, the musk gland is a preputial 

 gland. The testicle is ovoid and well developed, its long 

 axis being nearly vertical. The mediastinum is very strong. 

 The epididymis has a well-marked globus major. The globus 

 minor gives off inferiorly a free projection, which doubles upon 

 itself and leads to the vas deferens. The bulbous portion of the 

 vas deferens joins its fellow at the neck of the bladder, forming 

 thereby the common deferent canal, which opens by two orifices 

 into the urethra. The vesiculse seminales are large, lobulated, 

 yellow in colour, and glandular in structure. They have been 

 called the lateral prostates. They discharge their secretion into 

 the common deferent canal. The urethra gradually diminishes in 

 calibre from its origin. Just before the pubis it describes a 

 double curve on itself like the letter S. The prostate gland is 

 small, but it extends posteriorly under Wilson's muscle. Cowper's 

 glands are present, according to Leyh, although they are very 

 small. The penis of a ruminant is long and thin, and extends a 

 long way under the abdomen. It is bent upon itself in the form 

 of the letter S, a little in front of the bulb, the inferior curvature 

 being forwards, and the superior backwards. About this level the 

 suspensory ligaments join the penis, and extend to its extremity. 

 The glans is small and attenuated, the canal of the urethra 

 ending in front in a narrow whip-like process of the corpus 

 spongiosum, which is covered by a rosy, papillated, and sensitive 

 integument. The sheath extends much farther forwards than in 



