DIFFERENT BREEDS OF OXEN. 101 



the Sussex, and the Highland cattle, while the latter are repre- 

 sented by the oxen of Galloway, by the Angus Humlies, the 

 Suffolks, and the Norfolks. 



The Su£folk Dun is a hornless breed, being, in fact, the only true 

 hornless breed found in England, and it is supposed to have been 

 derived from the polled breeds of Scotland. These animals are 

 clumsy in form, and they are of but little value to the grazier, 

 although they yield a very large quantity of milk and are, in 

 fact, noted for their dairy produce, their rich milk, butter, and 

 cheese. The colour is light dun or yellowish cream, light red, 

 or red and white. The carcase is usually rather narrow and flat, 

 the legs are short and thin, the ribs are well arched, the belly is 

 heavy, the chine thin and hollow, and the loins are narrow. The 

 head and throat are nicely proportioned, and the dewlap is not 

 large. The udder is large and square, and the milk veins are large- 

 The skin is fine, and the hair is of a silky texture. The Suffolk 

 cow presents an angular or bony appearance, and does not display 

 the fine rounded outlines of the Shorthorn, the Devon, and the 

 Hereford. When dried, and fed on liberal diet, the cow is capable 

 of being quickly fattened, and it is probable that the breed 

 might be more widely utilised for our dairies, both as a distinct 

 breed and for crossing purposes. 



Galloway. — As late as the middle of the last century the 

 greater number of the Galloway cattle were horned. They were 

 middlehorns, but some of them were polled. For more than 

 150 years the surplus cattle of Galloway had been sent far into 

 England, and principally to the counties of Norfolk and Suffolk. 

 The polled beasts were always liked by the English farmers. 

 They fatten well, attain a large size, and they are not at all 

 wild and fierce. The horned breed was at length quite super- 

 seded by the polled, except that now and again a few of the 

 Galloways might have diminutive horns; but these were attached 

 to the skin and not to the skull. 



The Galloway cattle are straight and broad in the back and 

 nearly level from the head to the rump. They are round in the 

 ribs, and between the shoulders and the ribs, and between the ribs 

 and the loins. They are broad in the loin v/ithout having large 

 projecting hook-bones. They show a roundness of barrel and a 

 fulness of ribs. When looked at from above, the whole body 

 looks beautifully rounded. They are long in the quarters and 



