102 THE DISEASES AND DISORDERS OP THE OX. 



ribs and deep in the chest. There is less space between the 

 hook or hip-bones and the ribs than in most other breeds, so 

 that there is as little space as possible lost in the flank. 



The Galloway has short legs, and moderately fine shank 

 bones. The leg is just strong enough to preserve the hardihood 

 of the animal. The neck is thick, the head rather heavy, and 

 the eyes are not prominent. The ears are large, rough, and full 

 of long hair on the inside. The skin is loose, mellow, and of 

 medium thickness, and the hair is long, soft, and silky. The 

 skin is thinner than that of the Leicestershire, but not so fine 

 as that of the improved Durham, breed, albeit it is soft to 

 the touch. Most of these cattle are black, a few are dark 

 brindled brown, and still fewer are speckled with white spots. 

 Some are of a dun or drab colour, which may, perhaps, have been 

 acquired from a cross with the Sufi'olk breed of cattle. Those 

 which are dark in colour are preferred. According to Mr. Culley, 

 these cattle resemble the longhorns both in colour and shape ex- 

 cepting in the fact that they have no horns. Their form is shorter, 

 and their weight less. Their hides stand midway between those 

 of the longhorns and those of the shorthorns, in being not so 

 thick as the former, and not so thin as the latter. They put on 

 fat in the best parts, and their beef is well marbled or mixed 

 with fat. They are for the most part bred upon the moors or 

 hilly country in Galloway, until rising four or five years old^ 

 when they are taken to the fairs in Norfolk and Sufi'olk, pre- 

 viously to the time for being fed on turnips. The greater num- 

 ber of them are then removed when fat, in the winter and spring,, 

 to the London meat-market. It is estimated that more than 

 30,000 of them are annually sent to the south. In the few dis- 

 tricts of Galloway where cows are introduced they are of the 

 Ayrshire breed, which are much better milkers than are the 

 Galloway cows. The calves are reared in a manner which i& 

 peculiar to Galloway, being permitted to suck the mother more 

 or less, beginning from the time when they are born, and 

 continuing to suck as long as she gives milk. For the first four 

 or five months they are allowed a liberal supply both morning 

 and evening, usually more than half the milk of the cow. The 

 dairymaid takes the milk from the teats on one side, while the 

 calf draws it at the same time and exclusively from the other 

 side. When the calf begins to graze a little, and is turned upon 



