168 THE DISEASES AND DISORDERS OE THE OX. 



CHAPTER YI. 



DISEASES OF THE OX AND SHEEP. 



8ECTI0N L— GENERAL DISEASES. 



PLEURO-PNEUMONIA. 

 Two distinct bovine diseases are known respectively as Sporadic 

 Pleuro - Pneumonia and Epizootic Pleuro - Pneumonia. The 

 similarity of the name arises from the fact that in both maladies 

 the lungs and their coverings are liable to be inflamed. Sporadic 

 Pleuro-Pneumonia is a disease which is considered to be native, 

 while the Epizootic form was first known in England in the year 

 1841, being of foreign origin. While the former is readily 

 amenable to judicious treatment, the latter is said to be fatal to 

 the extent of about 52 per cent. The 2)ost-??iortem appearances, 

 though similar, have distinctive features. 



Sporadic Pleuro-Pneumonia. — This disease may commence 

 either in the lungs or in the pleura. Jn some cases it is more 

 like pleurisy and in others more like pneumonia. It is traceable, 

 as a rule, to such causes as exposure to cold and wet, especially 

 if the animals are subjected to bad ventilation or faulty drainage 

 in addition. It is most prevalent in inclement seasons, and it 

 has apparently no tendency to spread from one animal to another. 

 Unless all the members of a herd are similarly exposed to the 

 same predisposing conditions, the malady seems to attack indi- 

 viduals, and it does not apparently spread by infection. 



The onset is sudden, and marked with acute febrile symptoms. 

 The disease has a rapid course, usually terminating in about nine 



