DISEASES OP THE OX AND SHEEP. 173 



ation sets in ; the bowels are irregular, a serous or sticky dis- 

 charge comes from the nostrils; the pulse is often quicker than 

 in health ; the ears and horns may be hotter than usual, or they 

 may vary in temperature. 



By auscultation with the ear or with a stethoscope we may 

 detect sounds of an abnormal character in the bronchial tubes,, 

 and mucous rales and crepitations over the lungs. One or both 

 lungs, more especially towards the lower third, are aflfected. 

 The mischief in the lung or lungs increases slowly iu extent and 

 in intensity. The air-cells become impervious to the air, in 

 greater or less degree blocked up with the fluid exuded into 

 them. The lining membranes of the lungs and of the chest- walls 

 are also infiltrated with a fluid exudation. The bronchi have 

 inflamed walls, and they may become occluded, being filled with 

 a solidified lymph, as also may the air-cells. Sometimes the 

 changes in the lungs may be so extensive that death may occur 

 during this stage. 



We must remember that any division of symptoms into 

 stages must necessarily be arbitrary, and that probably these^ 

 extensive changes we have just described would be more 

 appropriately considered as a hurried and sudden setting in of 

 the symptoms to be now described as belonging to the second 



Second Stage. — Many of the symptoms mentioned already are- 

 no w exaggerated. The fever is of a more decided character. If 

 the animal moves, it does so unsteadily and with pain. The 

 cough is more persistent, harder, more frequent, more pain- 

 ful, and among the expectorated matter there may be white or 

 straw-coloured casts, tinged with blood. The mechanism of 

 breathing is altogether out of order. The respiratory movements 

 are quicker, more laborious, and accompanied by low moans or 

 grunts. The whole body often shakes with the agonising efforts- 

 to breathe. Pressure or percussion on the chest, and especially 

 in the spaces between the ribs, close behind the elbow, or upon 

 the back and loins, gives rise to a crouching or shrinking, 

 together with a low moan devoid of resonance, indicative of pain. 

 The attitude of the animal also bespeaks the desire to facilitate 

 respiration by whatever means, and to avoid the pain occasioned 

 by the vigorous respiratory movements. The fore-legs are wide 

 apart, the elbows being twisted outwards to relieve the chest from 



