DISEASES OF THE OX AND SHEEP. 175 



percussion gives rise to a dull note. The " friction-sound" may 

 also be heard. It results from the rubbing of the enlarged lungs 

 against the sides of the chest. 



Sometimes only one lung is affected, and then the respiratory 

 murmur (as the normal sound is called) is heard much more 

 plainly than usual on the healthy side, being more resonant, 

 and then called puerile or exaggerated. The unaffected lung in 

 fact tries to make up by stronger action for the deficiency of its 

 fellow, thus being to some extent compensatory. Sometimes 

 the normal functions of the lungs may be gradually resumed, the 

 products of inflammation being absorbed by slow degrees. Gene- 

 rally there is water in the chest. A portion of the lung may 

 become gangrenous and then detached. Sometimes abscesses 

 form in the substance of the lung, and leave cavities which give 

 rise to the production of special sounds, which vary in character. 



The approach of death is denoted by hurried and anxious 

 breathing, the cough being almost continuous. The animal 

 seems unconscious, almost insensible to pain, and is scarcely 

 able to stand. The attitude of the animal when recumbent is 

 noteworthy. When lying down, the animal rests on its side with 

 neck outstretched and discharging from the open mouth a thick 

 saliva. All the mucous membranes become lividly pale. The 

 animal groans loudly as if in agony, grinds its teeth as if in de- 

 spair, though probably these signs do not prove real pain so much 

 as the very strenuous efforts which are made to breathe. A drop- 

 sical or oedematous condition of the skin is seen in the region of 

 the dewlap or beneath the chest and abdomen, and also in the 

 extremities, in short in those parts where the circulation is most 

 inactive. The body wastes, and an offensive diarrhoea comes on. 

 Hoven may be present, the abdomen being blown out with gas. 

 The animal, having become weaker and weaker, at last drops and 

 dies. 



The end may come in two or three weeks after the second 

 stage is reached, though the animal may die of asphyxia at 

 an earlier period. When recovery has not taken place, there 

 has been, as a rule, progressive consolidation of one or both 

 lungs, and the gradual increase of effusion of water into the 

 cavity of the chest and of fluid into the lung-tissue. 



Death is said to take place frequently on the sixth, eighth, 

 tenth, fifteenth, or twentieth day from the beginning of the 



