DISEASES OF THE OX AND SHEEP. 279 



tongue presents large ulcerated surfaces, incision is not practised, 

 but lotions of iodine and carbolic acid are used daily. 



An animal infected with actinomycosis should not be allowed 

 to feed from the same fodder as the others, and isolation in a 

 neighbouring crew yard may be advisable. If the animal is out 

 at grass, we do not consider isolation necessary ; but it is certain 

 that one animal may spread infection among a great number of 

 oxen if they are aggregated together in a crew yard. 



RABIES, OR HYDROPHOBIA. 



We now come to a consideration of a disease which has 

 recently excited more interest than any other in the whole range 

 of pathology. Those of us who have witnessed human diseases 

 in their worst forms cannot but recognise how important it is 

 that the investigation of them should be continued with a never- 

 faltering enthusiasm, and men will be the more ready to exert 

 their very best efforts, the more deeply they realise how much 

 remains to be discovered by those who search after the great 

 truths of nature. 



To those who wish to make a special study of this disease we 

 recommend Dr. Fleming's work on Rabies and Hydrophohiay 

 and the several other writings on this subject. 



With regard to the two names. Rabies and Hydrophobia, it 

 seems to us preferable to use the former in order to designate 

 this deadly disease, at any rate as occurring in animals, albeit 

 that the malady as affecting man is more generally known under 

 the latter denomination. This latter appellation seems to imply 

 that an actual fear or dread of water is almost universally a 

 conspicuous symptom of the malady. Now, it is quite true that 

 human beings afflicted with the disease do rather frequently 

 exhibit a repugnance to fluids. However, this aversion to 

 liquids seems to have been only seldom observed in the case of 

 animals suffering from rabies, and probably it is by no means 

 invariably shown even by human beings so affected. It has 

 even been said to be rather rarely met with. On the other 

 hand, it appears to be indisputable that the symptom of greatest 

 diagnostic value in the case of mankind is the respiratory spasm 

 excited by attempts to swallow, and increasing until it resembles 

 a convulsive action, such as might indeed be prompted by 

 intense fear of being obliged to try to swallow. The muscular 



