DISEASES OF THE OX AND SHEEP. 319 



parts of the larynx ; but they rarely extend as far as the 

 bronchi. The smaller air-tubes and cells are mostly full of 

 dark mucus, but they are less marked and engorged with blood 

 than other portions of the air passages. Generally, the lungs 

 are congested, and irregular liver-coloured spots are seen under 

 their pleural covering. As a rule, the intestines are free from 

 disease, except in cases of severe diarrhoea. The kidneys may 

 be softened and have spots similar to those seen on the lungs 

 under their capsules. Simple congestion of the brain and spinal 

 marrow, or of their coverings, may be observed. 



Now, with regard to the operation of ovination, great care is 

 requisite both as to the selection of the fluid and as to the mode 

 of procedure. It is especially necessary that pure lymph should 

 be chosen, and that deep punctures should not be made. Under 

 Professor Simonds' management several scratches were made 

 through the epidermis on the inner side of the fore-leg of a 

 healthy sheep. On these slight incisions some transparent 

 lymph which had dried was rubbed, and the limb was kept 

 extended until the exuded blood had dried. On the next day 

 the skin was inflamed and raised in the form of a fold, and on 

 the following day the cuticle was raised owing to an effusion of 

 fluid beneath it. On the next day pustules containing secretion 

 were formed, which at first were yellow, but darker on the succeed- 

 ing day, partly, perhaps, in consequence of a drying up of their 

 contents. Two days afterwards, many of the scabs came off, and 

 the exposed sores looked healthy. Five days after this, a slight 

 inflammatory blush alone remained as a trace of the inoculation,, 

 the effects being for the most part local, the general health not 

 suffering, notwithstanding that the corded state of the lymphatics 

 proved that a general effect on the system had been produced. 



Captain J. S. Carr, writing to The Mark Lane Express^ 

 under date October 12, 1847, recommended that all who should 

 know that this frightful scourge is in their vicinity should have 

 their sheep and lambs inoculated with virus taken from animals 

 afflicted with the disease in a mild form. About seven years 

 before 1847, the same writer had heard of the sheep-pox appear- 

 ing in the neighbourhood of Lauenburg, and he consequently had 

 his own sheep and lambs at once inoculated in the ear. The 

 result was that he lost no more than 6 per cent, of lambs and 1 

 per cent, of sheep, and this same plan was equally successful 



