350 THE DISEASES AND DISORDERS OF THE OX. 



depression, with no hardening at the margin, no areola, and 

 finally when the scabs have fallen off, there is no pitting of the 

 skin. There are, therefore, essential points of difference betwixt 

 cow-pox and this malady, which by the medium of the milk of 

 the cows suffering from it gives rise to scarlatina in men. 



Portions of the skin, especially of the tail and back, were 

 denuded of hair, and the epidermis was rough and scaly. One 

 cow had several scabs in the skin of the back, redness of the 

 vagina, and on the teats and udder there were brownish crusts, 

 which, when removed, left a firm sore, which, when squeezed, 

 gave out a rather thick lymph. Two days after the greatest 

 development of these sores, when they were diminishing, the 

 animal was killed. When the chest was opened, numerous red 

 spots were seen in the upper posterior lobes of the lungs, under- 

 neath the pulmonary pleura. In the liver there were several 

 reddish patches, which reached from the surface to a depth of 

 about a quarter of an inch. In the placenta there were numerous 

 purple spots. In another cow there were, as in this one, 

 many of the peripheral lobules of the lungs congested and also 

 pleural adhesions. The outer part of the kidney was also con- 

 gested. 



Dr. Klein has found the streptococci on which the disease 

 depends. He has, moreover, inoculated subcutaneously two 

 calves with sub-cultures of these streptococci, and the result was 

 that they had a disease closely resembling human scarlatina. 

 Now, as to the milk. If at an early stage of the disease it is set 

 aside for some hours, it becomes thick ; but it seems that in some 

 cases it is only the first few ** draughts " of the teat which 

 bring this slimy milk, and it is not characteristic of the malady, 

 since *'ropiness" of milk is to be noted in several disorders of 

 the cow. For instance, it has been noticed in the case of milk 

 which apparently gave rise to diphtheria in consumers. The pure 

 milk apparently does not contain the streptococci which produce 

 the disease ; but it is very liable to become contaminated by the 

 hand of the milker, and, if once introduced into the milk, they 

 would readily multiply in it. 



For the present we may say that such milk is, in all proba- 

 bility, a most fertile source of the dissemination of scarlatina 

 in our midst, and the dangers hence resulting are the more 

 insidious on account of the fact that the cow disease, whence 



