DISEASES OF THE OX AND SHEEP. 413 



many cases, though tonics, quiet, and easily-digestible food will 

 do a great deal of good, slaughter is the best course. 



Parcifiitical bronchitis, or Hoose, or Husk, frequently occurs 

 in calves under a year old, and causes among them a consider- 

 able mortality. It is owing to a worm known as the Sirongylus 

 micrurus, which is found also in the alimentary canal and in the 

 heart and blood-vessels. In wet seasons this affection breaks 

 out, especially on low, badly-drained lands which are liable to be 

 flooded. It occurs particularly among calves which have been 

 kept out late in the autumn, and as a result of feeding on land 

 on which animals suffering from the disease have been previously 

 grazing. The cough is very forcible, and has a special hacking 

 character ; and it causes the expulsion of stringy mucus, in 

 which parasites or their ova may be seen with a low power of 

 the microscope, or very likely with the unaided eye. The 

 animals become emaciated, and there may be diarrhoea. The 

 worms are present in the bronchial tubes and air-passages, and 

 hence they seriously impede the process of respiration. Animals 

 which are severely affected should be placed in comfortable 

 quarters, and the bedding materials on which the discharges 

 fall should at frequent intervals be destroyed. Those which 

 are but slightly affected should be taken away and placed on 

 high and dry pastures. The water supply should be pure, and 

 rock salt should be supplied. 



With regard to direct treatment, we cannot say much here. 

 Fumigation with the gas given off from burning sulphur and 

 iodine has been strongly recommended; but, as Mr. John Henry 

 Steel appositely points out, the parasites can sometimes with- 

 stand a more severe dose of such agents than the calves can, 

 and hence great caution is needed in the employment of them. 



Acute 'pulmonary congestion occasionally occurs in the ox as 

 a result of over-driving and over-work. It is manifested by 

 extreme difficulty in breathing, by profuse cold sweats, cold- 

 ness of the extremities, very rapid and almost imperceptible 

 pulse, rapid respirations, and sometimes a mucous discharge con- 

 taining a little blood flows from the nostrils. The patient lies 

 down, coughs frequently, and has a wild look. 



Hcemoptysis, or bleeding from the lungs, may be due to 

 several causes. The flow of blood may be profuse, and the 

 blood varies in colour. It may be mixed with mucus, and it 



