548 THE DISEASES AND DISORDERS OF THE OX. 



In case the liver should be merely congested, there will be 

 signs of dulness manifested after a meal, slight disorder of the 

 breathing, a painful swelling on the right side, perhaps consti- 

 pation, and yellowness of the mucous membranes. A gentle 

 aperient, a change of diet, and a little exercise in the fresh air, if 

 the animal is able to bear it, may be beneficial. 



Hsemorrhage from the liver due to rupture may result from 

 congestion or other changes in the organ. There is internal 

 abdominal haemorrhage, coupled with rapid sinking and some- 

 times with abdominal pain. If the capsule of the organ does 

 not give way, the blood accumulates beneath it, and recovery 

 may take place, if the animal be kept very quiet and strengthened 

 with careful feeding and management. If the capsule bursts, 

 there is no chance of recovery. 



Considerable absorption of liver substance may take place as 

 the result of parasitic invasion, or as a consequence of abnormal 

 growths in it. Extensive changes may go on, especially such as 

 are of a tubercular character, without much appreciable sign 

 during life. 



The livers of ruminants, and especially those of sheep, are 

 liable to be infested with the peculiar trematode worms known 

 as Jluhes. Sheep-rot is a well-known disease produced by these 

 creatures. We have referred to this topic previously, and we 

 must of necessity mention it in this place, although we have but 

 little more to say of it than that it exists among oxen as well as 

 among sheep. Indeed, our readers may remember that in our 

 remarks on Parasitism we pointed out that flukes may even take 

 up their abode in the livers of human beings. If the liver is 

 markedly invaded by the Fasciola hepaiica, there is manifestly a 

 great loss of the secreting cells, the walls of the large and small 

 bile-ducts being thickened. 



SECTION VL— DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. 



THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AND THE DISORDERS 



CONNECTED THEREWITH. 

 The above subject, which now in due course presents itself for 

 consideration at our hands, furnishes at once one of the most 



