DISEASES OF THE OX AND SHEEP. 571 



the skin has a staring character, and there may be acute pain 

 manifested, if the loins be pressed. If the suppression of urine 

 be continued, uraemia may set in, and the animal may become 

 comatose and convulsed, and death may ensue. The urine has 

 a very high specific gravity, and contains albumen and blood- 

 cells and casts of the renal tubules. 



However, nephritis may be limited to one kidney, and, if so, 

 it is generally due to the presence of a calculus or of calculi in 

 the pelvis of the kidney. If this be the case, the urine is thick 

 and small in amount, quickly becomes ammoniacal, and contains 

 much albumen, large quantities of pus, with perhaps blood. 

 Moreover, small amouuts of urine are passed at frequent intervals 

 and with evident pain, and the animal strains and keeps on trying 

 to urinate, although on catheterisation the bladder is found to 

 be empty. The patient shows signs of pain, stands with arched 

 back, or, if made to move, progresses stiffly and with a 

 straddling gait. If the loins be pressed, acute pain is mani- 

 fested. Uraemia sets in, together with urinous sweats, and 

 after death one kidney, or both, may be found to be dis- 

 organized, reddened, and enlarged — i.e. in a state of suppurative 

 inflammation. 



ACUTE INFLAMMATION OF THE KIDNEYS IN 

 LAMBS. 



All good work in reference to the diseases of the sheep is 

 most welcome, and hence we now take the liberty of abstracting 

 the following account of acute nephritis in lambs from a paper 

 by Mr. W. Roger Williams, F.R.C.S., read before the Patho- 

 logical Society of London on April 6th, 1886. It seems that 

 the farmers around Dunchurch, near Rugby, having had serious 

 losses among the lambs in the spring, asked Dr. Unwin, of that 

 place, about this disease, and he wrote to ask Mr. Williams to 

 investigate the malady. The latter gentleman received the bodies 

 of two lambs, one of which had died of the disease, the other 

 having been killed whilst suffering frem it when nearly three 

 weeks old. 



When the first body was opened, the bladder was found to be 

 moderately distended with turbid whitish urine, which, after 

 standing, deposited a great deal of albuminous sediment. This 

 was collected and examined, and found to contain albumen. 



