658 THE DISEASES AND DISOEDEES OF THE OX. 



column of the cow. The back of the foetus is in contact with 

 the lower wall of the uterus. The top portion of the skull and 

 the nape of the neck are presented. In these cases labour is 

 of long duration, and various measures are resorted to by prac- 

 titioners in order to adjust the foetus before employing traction 

 to remove it. The foetus must be turned, but to efiect this 

 turning in the case of the cow is a much more difficult operation 

 than it is in the ewe. The head should first be secured by 

 fastening a rope round the lower jaw, so that at will it may be 

 brought forward. Then similar cords should be secured round 

 each fore-leg, the cord attached to the leg represented in the 

 foreground being on the outer side of the other limb marked a 

 in the sketch. That is, the rope fixed to one of the fetlocks 

 should pass to the outside of the opposite fore-limb, so that the 

 two fetlocks can be drawn to the same side of the head. Then, 

 while the operator presses his hand strongly against the withers 

 in a rotatory manner from below, the assistant should be directed 

 to pull with special force the rope which passes to the opposite 

 side, and also tightly at the other rope as well. If skilfully and 

 properly performed, these measures should cause the legs and 

 then the head to be brought into the vagina, and the foetus to 

 turn. It may then be withdrawn with safety. 



However, this turning is by no means easily effected. If 

 forward pressure applied from below, together with very 

 energetic pulling at the same time employed, does not succeed, 

 the calf must be cut up, the limbs being first detached, attempts 

 being then made to deliver by pulling the head, and the position 

 of the foetus being adjusted from time to time. 



if,) If the foetus lies on its back and the hind-legs are 

 presented, it is advisable either to extract by pulling the hind- 

 legs, or else to detach these legs as high up as possible, to 

 adjust the position of the fore-legs, and to deliver by means of 

 the application of a moderate amount of traction. This position 

 is readily intelligible, and therefore is not depicted by means of 

 an illustration. 



ig.) The foetus may lie on its back, and the hind-feet be 

 inclined forwards instead of protruding. If this be the case, 

 the calf must be pressed downwards and forwards, and then the 

 hocks must be flexed, and the hind legs brought carefully into 

 the vagina. Another plan is to amputate the two hind-legs at 



